Although the area doesn’t have the draw of big tourist attractions like the Historic Centre, this is the place to come to see everyday life. A walk around this incredible neighbourhood with its gorgeous architecture, peaceful atmosphere and fantastic art and culture makes it even more extraordinary than the tourist centre! There is something so earnest about this place. So real and yet fantastically romantic. So while it might not jump out at you as a place you “need to visit,” I would absolutely say you do!

Outside of the busy market on Saturday, this neighbourhood feels almost untouched by time. Walking down the little side street and just letting curiosity lead you will bring you to the most incredible destinations. But if you’re looking for a guide to the best of what to see and do here in San Ángel, I’ve got you covered!

Table Of Contents

1. Location & Access
2. History
3. Walking Tour
4. Parque de la Bombilla
5. Restaurante El Cardenal
6. Mercado De Flores
7. Templo del Carmen de San Ángel
8. Museo de El Carmen
9. Plaza del Carmen
10. San Angel Art Market
11. Casa del Mayorazgo de Fagoaga
12. Bishop's House 
13. Plaza San Jacinto
14. Saturday Art Market
15. Handicraft Shops
16. Museo Casa del Risco
17. Antiques Fair
18. Bazaar Sábado
19. Villa San Jacinto
20. Parroquia San Jacinto
21. Plaza de Los Cielos
22. Plaza de los Arcángeles
23. Casa de Los Marqueses de Selva Nevada
24. Casa Blanca
25. Museo Casa Estudio Diego Rivera and Frida Kahlo
26. San Angel Inn

Location & Access

San Ángel is located south of Mexico City, just west of the popular Coyoacán district. Pairing a visit to San Ángel with a trip to Coyoacán is the perfect way to spend an entire day. Away from the crowded city centre and up above all the hustle and bustle. I would advise getting up nice and early for your visit to San Ángel. Nothing starts the day better than brunch at restaurant El Cardenal. Plus an early start means you can get the most out of your day.

Uber

The best way to get to San Ángel is via Uber. Anywhere from the centre of the city, outside busy times of the day, it will only take about 25-30 minutes to arrive here. And generally, a ride will cost around $7 USD. Our first stop on the walking tour is in the beautiful Parque de la Bombilla, so you can put that down as your routed destination.

Metro

If you prefer to take the metro, you can arrive at Miguel Ángel de Quevedo Station. It is only a 10-minute walk from the station to our tour starting point. All metro stations in Mexico City have a different icon corresponding to their station. This was initially conceptualized to ensure that illiterate people could identify the other stations on a map.

The icon for Miguel Ángel de Quevedo is a large fruit tree. Miguel Ángel de Quevedo was a famous Mexican engineer who studied Mexican flora. He was nicked named the “tree apostle,” hence the station’s icon. But also considering this area was once rich with orchards, it also seems fitting. Just a little hint at the colonia’s history right from the get-go!

History

The neighbourhood, which is now San Ángel, was initially one of the wealthiest agricultural plots in ancient Tenochtitlan. Tenochtitlan was the capital of the great Aztec empire. Here there was an abundant source of water from the nearby Magdalena River. The area was called Tenanitla, or “walled in place,” in the Nahuatl language. The name was inspired by the volcanic rock bed that surrounded the area. It is also called Pedregal, formed by the eruption of the Xitle Volcano two thousand years ago. The volcanic bed formed a kind of wall around the land which helped retain the water from the river.

The Monasteries

When the Spanish invaded, they took the land in San Ángel for their own. It was here they established a series of monasteries. The most important of which was the San Jacinto monastery, which gave the area its first Spanish name; San Jacinto Tenanitla.

The next monastery to be built was the El Carmen monastery, built by the Carmelites in 1597. Inside the monastery, the monks opened a small school. But most of the land surrounding the church was used to plant a large expanse of orchards. The orchards flourished due to fertile soil and access to water. At one time, there were over 13,000 trees that sprouted up around the community. The school and orchards were named after San Ángel Mártir, the first members of the Order of Carmel. People would marvel at the orchards and their harvest would bring in a lot of money to the order and the area. The popularity was such that eventually, people would simply refer to the neighbourhood as San Ángel. And soon that become the de facto name for the area.

San Angel as Retreat

In the 18th century, wealthy farming families began to seek larger plots of land outside of the city center. These families began to build some of the most spectacular mansions. Many still stand today as exemplary models of 18th-century architecture in Mexico City.

In the 19th century, the orchards and many of the religious institutions of San Ángel were destroyed in the Mexican-American War. The remainder of the farming lands and orchards were removed to make room for the expanding railway system in 1891. This left the area barren of all its agricultural potential which had once defined the barrio. While the city centre was building industrial factories, San Ángel remained untouched by progress and left as a relatively rural suburb. But it was just peace and quiet that, in the 1940s made it a popular country retreat for wealthy Mexican families. These families continued to preserve the historic homes they found. And kept the area as this precious gem that we can visit today!

Walking Tour

Your experience in San Ángel will be defined by the day of the week you choose to visit. If you come to San Ángel on the weekend, especially on Saturday for the Art Market, the streets are bursting with people. Car surge into this part of town, as locals love to come here on the weekend in droves. It’s not just for the tourists, in fact, I would say the locals outweigh tourists three to one. But outside of the weekend, San Ángel is a tranquil oasis. And you’ll find you often have parts of the city all to yourself. But the peace means you’ll have to skip the popular pop-up art market. Either way, there are so many things to do here, no matter when you arrive. The only day I’d say to avoid is Mondays as all the museums are closed.

Parque de la Bombilla

The best place to start your tour of the neighbourhood is in San Ángel’s grandiose Parque de la Bombilla. Mexico City is, in my opinion, the best city in the world for public parks. Each of them brings a new surprise. Filled with beauty, drama and artistry. And Parque de La Bombilla is one that I feel doesn’t get its fair due. In the centre of the park is a giant monument to Álvaro Obregón. Álvaro Obregón was the 46th president of Mexico, inaugurated in 1920. Sadly, Obregón was assassinated in 1928 inside La Bombilla restaurant, which once stood on this very spot. After his death, the restaurant was demolished to make room for a park built in his honour. The park’s unveiling took place in 1935, on the seventh anniversary of Obregón’s assassination.

The Obregón monument dominates the park. Towering over you like a lighthouse, drawing you in. A huge reflecting pool sits just in front, allowing the sun to cast its reflection down into the water, creating a mirror-like surface. In addition to the central monument, the park also boasts seven beautiful fountains, artistic garden beds and even various chess and checkers tables awaiting their daily players.

Socialist style architecture

The Obregón Monument is a socialist-style tower. Socialist-style architecture became somewhat of a trend in Mexico City in the early 20th century. Mexico was encouraged by the Russian Revolution of 1917. They admired how the shift was leaning towards the boots on the ground workers and peasants while rejecting the bourgeoisie and upper classes. As such, they were inspired by the architecture of the Soviet Union under the leadership of Joseph Stalin. The style is characterized by rigid, geometric shapes, sturdy columns and giant statues. Often built to commemorate great leaders of the country.

Obregón Monument

The Obregón Monument greets you with two statues, guarding either side of the giant steel doorway. These are the indigenous protectors, representing “Work” and “Fertility.” The monument’s centre features a large stairwell that climbs to the top of the tower. Inside was once the resting place of Obregón’s embalmed arm. The arm was since moved, but today, a marble copy stands in its place.

On either side of the monument, are two groups of sculptures. One represents the Allegory of the Sacrifice, the other the Allegory of Triumph; two defining characteristics of Obregón’s presidency. On the back of the memorial is the sculpture of the great Eagle of Mexico City. Its wings spread in front of a series of geometric Saguaro cacti.

Restaurante El Cardenal

Hopefully, the bright colours of the park have woken you up a bit and now it’s time for breakfast! Take a stroll up along Avenue de la Paz. This street leads you right into the historic heart of San Ángel. Here you’ll shortly arrive at our breakfast spot, Restaurante El Cardenal. Restaurante El Cardenal is an institution in Mexico City with multiple different locations. The San Ángel location is their newest expansion, opening in 2011. But it quickly became the go-to destination on Saturday and Sunday mornings.

El Cardenal History

El Cardenal was founded in 1969, the original location was just across the street from the Plaza de la Constitución. The founders were a large family who wanted to bring their love of traditional Mexican cuisine to an upscale setting. They saw that many households didn’t have time to make classic home-cooked dishes. But here in El Cardenal you can come and feel like you’re dining at your mother’s table.

One of the most luxurious parts of dining inside El Cardenal in San Ángel is the gorgeous architecture. The restaurant is set inside an old colonial mansion. The building was actually previous another restaurant but when it closed the house lay dormant for years. When El Cardenal bought the property they took great pains to restore the details of the home to their former glory. The stained glass windows and gleaming wood floors make just sitting inside such a joy to experience. The back of the restaurant features a glass window box that looks into the kitchen, so you can watch the chefs hard at work!

The El Cardenal Experience

Their breakfasts are among the most popular seatings, with wait times up to 40 minutes depending on the day. So the earlier you arrive, the better. This is because huge families come here all together on the weekend for a cheerful family brunch. Despite the wait, this amazing familial atmosphere is what makes this restaurant so special. Walking inside, we were treated like absolute royalty. White-shirt waiters greeted us and catered to our every need. It felt like we were dining at a Michelin star restaurant but at a fraction of the cost! 

The Food

To start the perfect breakfast, begin with hot chocolate, not coffee! Their unique hot chocolate is made with famous Doña Oliva chocolate and is like drinking a cup of history. Hot chocolate originated in Mexico and was an essential part of the Aztec culture from 1400 AD.

My favourite part about the experience of eating here was the pastry tray. When you come inside a waiter brings you over an enormous tray of sweet pastries. And you can choose, with your own eyes, which pastry you’d want to start off the meal right with. I went with the concha as I feel like it’s the perfect pairing with a hot chocolate.

Another traditional breakfast dish you’ll only find in Mexico is the Egg omelette with escamoles. Escamoles are colloquially called “Mexican caviar,” and are edible ant larvae. Escamoles have been consumed in Mexico since the age of the Aztecs and are high in nutritional value. It’s definitely one of the most unique and classic dishes on the menu. But if that’s not your thing they have many other traditional options for those who aren’t that adventurous.

While you might take a look at this elegant restaurant would be pretty pricey, El Cardenal is such a good value. They really price themselves as a family restaurant. Although there were some tourists here it was clear that most people gather here every week. And with food as good and cheap as this, I know why they do!

Mercado De Flores

To work off some of the big breakfast, walk down the street and turn north up Avenue Revolución towards the famous San Ángel Flower Market. This market dates back to the time of the Carmelite friars. When they lived in the area, their church was surrounded by extensive gardens. Here they grew fruit trees and flowers in large quantities.

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Walking up to the market, you can spot it from down the street, not only by the iconic white awnings but also by the brightly painted murals along the exterior. Public murals like this were famous in markets like this around Mexico City. Vendors are packed tightly along the thin strip of the sidewalk facing the Avenida Revolucion. In their white plastic buckets are a wide array of vibrant flowers for locals to bring home to their sweethearts with a smile.

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Templo del Carmen de San Ángel

After peaking around at the flowers in the market, head back south along Avenue Revolución. Crossing Avenue de la Paz, lead yourself towards the large domes that dominate the skyline guiding you into the old Carmelite Church of San Ángel. 

Courtyard

While most people go directly to the Museum of El Carmen, checking out the church itself is more than worth your time. Even just walking through the old stone walls into the quaint courtyard gives you so many things to look at and ponder. The church courtyard is home to one of the most amazing jacaranda trees. Hidden behind the stone walls it feels like a treasure that we found was all to ourselves! It hangs heavy over the fountain in the centre of the stone yard. Its branches also frame the gorgeous tiled domes off in the background.

History of the St. Carmen Church of San Ángel

The church was originally built in 1615 by the Carmelite friar Andrés de San Miguel. It took over 10 years to complete, and when it opened it housed the order of the Barefoot Carmelites. It was originally opened as a monastery but they also built a college nearby. Here they welcomed theology students and new priests of the order. The church flourished for years and its orchards formed the bedrock of the colonial we find today. Bringing both money and interest to this part of town.

After the Mexican Reformation War of 1858, the new secular governmental powers closed down many Catholic churches and schools. The area around San Ángel was occupied by US troops who sadly destroyed many parts of the old buildings. As well as looting many of the church’s precious assets. They even went so far as to destroy the beloved orchards.

The old school building went on to serve as a prison, barracks and even the location of the local town council. Eventually, in 1921, the church school was transformed into a museum. It was here they sought to preserve the history of the building, the treasure found hidden within and the stories from the neighbourhood’s past. But the actual church itself has stood here, in almost the exact same state, for hundreds of years. And walking inside feels like stepping back in time.

Architecture

The design of the church was made in Herrerian style. Herrerian style rose in popularity in Spain during the 16th century and came to Mexico City with the Spanish colonizers. The style features a more restrained use of ornamentation compared to other baroque styles of the time. The shape of the building is designed to spread horizontally and symmetrically. And yet unlike many other Herrerian buildings which have flat or plain roofs, the St. Carmen de San Ángel church features three incredible tiled domes. Brilliant blue and yellow-painted tiles from Puebla still glisten in the sunlight although much of the roofs have fallen into disrepair over the ages.

Walking into the church, the restrained architecture that surrounds you highlights the incredible golden altar. Light frames the altar from either side creating the most ethereal glow. While the rest of the building might be simpler in design, the altarpiece is pure baroque. Drama, glamour and gilding are everything that the baroque era brought and we can see it here in leaps and spurts!

One of my favourite parts about the churches in Mexico is the tile work. Every little side chapel or tiny niche is given the royal treatment by plastering them with gorgeous tiles. These minature tiles look like shining gems when the sunlight hits them just right. While some are just decorative others are painted to tell stories about the saints in whose chapels they sit. These tiles truly make Mexican churches feel so unique and gives you a sense of place when visiting.

Museo de El Carmen

Just outside the entrance to the church, you can find the Museo de El Carmen. The old monastery school and cloisters were transformed into a museum in the 1920s. Inside, the museum houses various objects that detail the history of the Carmelite order. When you enter through the lower cloisters you’re greeted by a small series of panels detailing the complete history of the convent and school. Throughout the rest of the museum, these histories are brought to life through a series of paintings, documents, sculptures and even the furniture which was used inside the monastery.

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As well as detailing life in the monastery, these historical paintings also depict what life was like in San Ángel in the 18th and 19th centuries. It features an amazing collection of Colonial religious art. The baroque artist Cristóbal de Villalpando has many paintings here on display. He is most famous for his painting which now hangs in the Metropolitan Cathedral. But inside this more intimate museum, you can view his pieces close up and see them in a more personal light.

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The Crypt

One of the most interesting, or for some, macabre parts of the museum is the old crypts. When the monastery was a working church, many people would pay to be buried in such a holy place. These were both members of the Carmelite Order as well as wealthy benefactors.

But over the years, and after the fall of the religious institutions, many of these bodies were forgotten. Only in the 20th century were they uncovered during the monastery’s restoration. The bodies left here were miraculously preserved because of the rich soil by which they were surrounded. They were essentially mummified. With no one to claim the bodies, the museum decided to leave them where they rested, and now visitors can give view their wrinkled flesh up close and personal. Preserved for the ages inside their velvet-lined wooden and glass caskets.

Hours & Admission: 52 pesos | Free on Sundays, closed on Mondays

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Plaza del Carmen

Head back to the main intersection at Madero and the Avenue de la Revolution to cross over to Plaza del Carmen. The brilliant-coloured buildings that surround the square blend in amongst the vibrant flowers in the garden beds in the middle of the plaza. While the Plaza de Jacinto might be the larger and most popular square in the city, Plaza del Carmen is by far my favourite. Its quaint and cramped quarters are so joyful, with locals sitting out on the benches, chatting with friends, in the early morning. Watching the artists set up their canvases as the sun rises.

San Angel Art Market

On Saturdays, this is where the start of the San Ángel art market can be found. One of the most wonderful things about the San Ángel art market is not just for tourists. Unlike some more touristy markets around the city, this market is meant for the locals. And many people come here, from far and wide, in search of the perfect art piece for their home. The atmosphere is intoxicating, everyone admiring the newest art pieces from their favourite local painters. Rainbow-coloured umbrellas dot the skyline, protecting fresh paint from the harsh rays of the sun.

Architecture around Plaza El Carmen

Even if you don’t come on a weekend, this small Plaza is a wonder to behold. It is surrounded on all sides by incredible historical buildings, important to the neighbourhood’s history. Even in just this one square, you can get a slice of the wonderfully preserved architecture that makes this neighbourhood such a gem to visit. Examples of baroque, neoclassical and neocolonial houses can be found right here. And many have been perfectly preserved since this part of town managed to escape the urbanization of the city’s centre.

House of Chucho el Roto

To the southeast, you’ll see a brilliant yellow building with bright red trim on the corner. This is the old House of Chucho el Roto or House of The Two Courtyards. This building is a wonderful example of Mexican neoclassical styles popular during the Protofio Diaz era. The house was named because it was designed with two courtyards, a lavish expense at this time. The main courtyard was built to entertain and house splendid gardens. The secondary courtyard where the carriages and stables were placed. This allowed the home to separate the working part of the house from the relaxing retreat these country homes aimed to create.

Chucho el Roto

The house was built in the 19th century for the philanthropist Francisco de Urquiaga. A popular legend about this home states that it was the hiding place for the famous bandit Jesús Arriaga. Arriaga was also nicknamed “Chucho el Roto,” hence the other name for the house. Arriaga was somewhat of a Robin Hood-type character, robbing from the wealthy and giving to the poor. This house was reported to be connected to the underground tunnels built by the Dominicans. The tunnels could be accessed through the basement and led to the nearby Plaza San Jacinto. Making it a perfect getaway for a legendary bandit.

Sadly, Arriaga was eventually captured and died in prison. But his legend lived on long past his death. And fictional stories became even more popular after his passing. Today it houses the Library of the Revolutions of Mexico. Very apt, considering it was the hideout of this legendary anti-establishment character who would have been a staunch supporter of the revolutions.

Mercado del Carmen

On the north side of the Plaza sits the popular Mercado del Carmen. This hip communal-style eatery and art gallery are housed in an old mansion dating back to the 18th century. It was also used as an English school for the upper classes of San Agnel during the 1960s and 70s. The gorgeous blue of the house blends in almost perfectly with the sky on a clear day, making it feel at one with heaven above.

Casa del Mayorazgo de Fagoaga

On the northwest corner of the plaza, along Calle de la Amargura is the Casa del Mayorazgo de Fagoaga. The brilliant burnt orange exteriors and 18-century facade welcome you onto one of the most luxurious streets in the city. It was designed in the neoclassical style with baroque-style balconies.

The home was originally built for Francisco de Fagoaga, the head of a powerful silver and gold merchant. His family was one of the first to start the trend of moving their mansions out of the central city and into the countryside. His house set the tone for other wealthy haciendas built in the era and unsurprisingly lots of future houses follow the same template. It was truly a trendsetter. The orange contrasts so well with the dense green foliage and pink flowers that bloom across the facade.

Bishop’s House 

Continue along Calle de la Amargura towards the end of the street, blocked by the corner of the old Bishop of Tenagra’s mansion. Joaquín Fernández de Madrid y Canal served as the Bishop’s adobe here in San Ángel. A Bishop was a highly regarded figure in the community. As such, the friars wanted to build a house that would impress! His house was built in 1631 (!) and is one of the best-preserved pieces of history in San Ángel. Long after the revolution, the house still stood as a well sought-after real estate piece. It was home to various famous Mexican like poet José Zorrilla, historian José María Agreda and politician and general Antonio López de Santa Anna. Today, the house serves as an art gallery hosting rotating exhibitions featuring incredible Mexican artists.

Plaza San Jacinto

Turn south past the Plaza Tenanitla (dedicated to the original name of the colonial) and make your way into the grand Plaza San Jacinto. The Plaza was named the Church of San Jacinto, located just on the west side of the square. But we’ll learn more about the church later when you go inside. The little town square popped up here as it was surrounded on all sides by the church, convent and orphanage. It quickly became the heart of the community in the 18th century and continues on as such today!

 St. Patrick Battalion

On the far west side of the Plaza, on the wall opposite, you’ll see a large plaque dedicated to the St. Patrick Battalion. “Why is there a dedication to Irish soldiers in Mexico City?” you might be wondering. In 1847, during the Mexican War for independence, Irish, German and even American immigrants came over to Mexico. They wanted to help fight for Mexico’s freedom, against the United States. The battalion was one of the fiercest and responsible for a huge majority of the deaths on the American side. So when they were caught, their punishments were brutal. They were executed right here in San Jacinto square, in front of the famous church. But their legend lives in on this plaque stands in their honour. The memory of their fighting vigour an inspiration to others who would continue the fight and win the freedom of the nation.

Diego Rivera

Make your way to the centre of the Plaza and look across the elegant central fountain. There, you will see a bronze easel with the burst of Diego Rivera emblazoned into the cartouche. As Rivera was a resident of the San Angel for many years, local artists inspired by Rivera wanted to commemorate him for generations to come. There is something wonderful about Rivera’s face looking over at the artists in the square selling their works in the square. Continuing his passion for supporting Mexican artists, even from the great beyond.

Saturday Art Market

By far the most popular thing to see in the square is to peruse the incredible Saturday Art Market. The market was established here in the 1960s. Interestingly enough, the origins of the market were due to an American, Jim Tillet, who had moved to Mexico City. He brought the concept of a weekly artisan fair to Mexico City, and the idea immediately took off. The art is both meant for the locals to enjoy as well as the tourists, highlighting the beauty of the Mexican landscape and vibrant culture. There were so many amazing artists of all different styles and mediums. My favourites were the ones that were designed to look like Lotería cards.

In addition to paintings, this Plaza is also home to craftspeople. Here you can find artisan pottery, textiles and even clothing. While some of it is a bit touristy things there are also really unique designers and artists. Prices tend to be a little more expensive here in San Angel but the quality is there to match.

There are often musicians strolling around through the market, entertaining the crowds and creating a more inviting and charming atmosphere. Street food vendors pop up selling sweet treats and salty snacks to satisfy your cravings. Art hunting is hungry work!

Handicraft Shops

If you opt to visit San Angel outside of the weekend, you can still find lots of different handicraft shops open around the square throughout the week. Shops like the Bazar San Ángel, María Bonita and Local México all sell gorgeous handmade decor and art pieces for your home. The spirit of the art market lives on long past the weekend so don’t feel like you’ll have missed it all if you can only visit during the week.

Museo Casa del Risco

On the north side of the Plaza Jacinto, hidden behind the opulent trees, is an old terra-cotta-coloured building with ‘Museo Casa del Risco‘ emblazoned in brass along the fence. Inside you’ll find an old residence dating back to the 17th-century that has since been transformed into a museum. The museum recreates the look of a traditional San Angel house as it would have looked in the 18th century. Casa del Risco has a fascinating history as it served as a residence, a military barracks and a hospital.

Fuente del Risco

The house’s main feature that people come to see is the great porcelain fountain. The fountain, or “Fuente del Risco,” is located inside the main central courtyard. It was made in the late 18th century in the opulent Baroque or “ultra baroque” style popular in Mexico City during that period.

While it looks like it is merely decorative, the fountain’s design was actually an ingenious way to preserve broken porcelain. Back then, painted porcelains were extremely expensive and yet, just like today, accidents happen and you might end up breaking a plate that costs more than a used car does today. Turning them into an art sculpture like this was a way to preserve and display even the broken pieces.

Embedded within the fountain you can spot Chinese blue and white porcelain, plates from the Ming Dynasty, green porcelain from Japan, Spanish Talavera ceramics and, of course, the homegrown ceramics of Puebla. Entire bowls, plates, cups and sauces are also scattered together with broken pieces of pottery to create this magical-looking fountain. The niches are designed to look like pearlescent shells and conches and the piece is dotted with mermaid sculptures. Even here in the hill of San Angel do we find people dreaming of the ocean.

There is so much else to see inside the museum, from Baroque art, religious sculptures, antique stained glass and recreations of 18th-century living space. But if all you want to see is the fountains, it’s easy to do so as admission to the museum is free.

Admission: Free | Open Tuesday-Sunday 10 am – 5 pm

Antiques Fair

On the weekends, just outside the museum, you’ll find high-end vintage and antique sellers bringing out their wares. This was almost as incredible as the museum itself, it felt like just outside you could literally buy items you’d just seen inside the museum. Paintings from the 19th century, religious objects and gorgeous pieces of antique jewellery. The prices are pretty high but even I was almost swayed into buying a locket from 1898! There are some real treasures so if you have the money to spend you’ll discover some amazing pieces in this marketplace.

Bazaar Sábado

If you don’t like sifting through the pop-up stands outside in the plaza, you can head into the Bazaar Sábado. The Bazaar Sábado is located inside a 17th-century red-painted mansion and dates back to the 1960s. Here you can find the giant home filled with over 100 permanent artisan shops selling everything from textiles to jewellery, ceramics and metalwork. Many of these craftspeople are award winners, so their prices are going to reflect that status, but the work is unparalleled. Personally, I prefer the stuff found on the street, but if you’re looking for something more upmarket, this is the place for you.

Inside the central open-air courtyard is a wonderful eatery serving up traditional breakfast and lunch street food. It can get pretty busy right at 12 pm but if you prefer to eat a bit early or late you’ll find more tables open. The food here is wonderful and a great place to try some amazing street food like Tlacoyos, quesadillas and gorditas.

Villa San Jacinto

If the Bazaar Sabado courtyard is too busy you can hop across the Plaza and make your way to the stunning courtyards of the Villa San Jacinto. This 19th-century house has been preserved and transformed to be enjoyed by present-day visitors. The Cafe de las Artes is a gorgeous little eatery inspired by the architecture of the Porfiriato era. Walking up the stairs, you are greeted by this incredible grisaille style stained glass window, bohemian lamps and the Catalan vaults.

You can also study the amazing remodelled garden filled with beautiful sculptures. The cafe sells lots of different drinks and has homemade desserts and sandwiches if you’re feeling a bit peckish. Sitting outside you can get pretty hot but is a beautiful place to admire the rotating selection of art work on display.

Parroquia San Jacinto

Heading back onto Calle Benito Juárez, walk just a few meters where you’ll find an unassuming set of stairs which leads you into the green oasis outside of the Parroquia San Jacinto. The Parroquia San Jacinto or San Jacinto Parish was founded by the Dominicans in 1564. The Dominican order had discovered a small waterfall nearby and utilized the water to power their spinning and weaving equipment. This allowed them to produce lots of different kinds of textiles. They sold them off and used the funds to fund the building of the church and the plush gardens.

Walking inside the church, the thing that immediately catches your eyes is the ornate churrigueresco-style altar. The rest of the interior of the church is pretty austere but there is something so charming about the simplicity. Be sure to poke your head around the cloisters inside the church. This is the perfect place to escape the sun for a minute and walk through the shaded walkways and central fountain.

The Garden

The contrast between the rather subdued building and the incredibly bright colours of the gardens is a wonderful pairing. In the centre of the garden is a fountain with a huge cross in the centre. This was the first cross ever carved in Mexico. Looking closely at it you can see elements from both the Christian and Pagan faiths.

Surrounding the church are cedars, eucalyptus and pine trees. I always feel like this little hidden away yard is most reminiscent of the old orchards of San Angel.

Plaza de Los Cielos

Walking back outside, take a stroll down the Calle Benito Juárez towards the Plaza de los Cielos. This little corner is a gem of the colonial-era architecture that remains in this neighbourhood. Beautifully decorated in ancient jacaranda and vibrant bougainvilleas pour over the stone walls. The little Plaza de Los Cielos is surrounded on the two sides by the old walls of the former monastery.

Plaza de los Arcángeles

Continue north along Árbol street, turning left on Segunda Cda. de Frontera, where you’ll discover one of the most peaceful yet stunning streets anywhere in Mexico City. The walls here are covered in foliages, and when they bloom in bright purple and blue, it feels like walking through a tunnel of flowers.

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At the end of the street, you’ll find the secret Plaza de Los Arcángeles. A nook tucked into the neighbourhood’s corner features a series of benches under a series of stone arches. In the centre of the small gardenette is a shrine to the Virgin of Guadalupe tucked inside the hole of a tree. The name of the Plaza comes from three large sandstone benches named after the Archangels; Gabriel, Rafael and Michael. It’s a fantastically peaceful place and well worth the three-minute detour!

Casa de Los Marqueses de Selva Nevada

Walk back up Arbol and west along with Calle Hidalgo. On the northwest corner is one of the more historic homes of San Angel. Casa de los marqueses de Selva Nevada was owned by Ana Ortiz de Móxica in the end of the 18th century. It would later go on to the owned by María Josefa Rodríguez de Pinillos, the ambassador of Austria-Hungary in Mexico. Maria is responsible for the majority of the renovations we can see today. One of the most impressive parts of the building is the gorgeous wooden gates set between the beautiful white painted trim and ochre-coloured exterior. The door was designed with traditional elements of Mudejar decoration.

Casa Blanca

Continue along the Calle Hidalgo until you reach the large white house at #43. This is called the Casa Blanca, or “white house,” a 17th-century hacienda owned by the Oploca counts. Look closely at the coat of arms above the door to see the design of this family’s old shield. During its life in San Angel, the house was once home to the second-largest orchard in the neighbourhood. All hidden away behind the beautiful parapets of the white house. A small plaque on the front of the house honoured it as a place of historical significance. During the Second Franco-Mexican War, this house served as a bunker for French and American soldiers.

Legen of the Casa Blanca

But the most significant thing about this house is the legend that goes along with it. If you walk slightly further away from the front door, you’ll see a large wrought iron balcony towards the back of the house. The story goes that the woman who once lived here had the love of her life go off to war. She watched him leave from this balcony and would return to it every day, waiting for his return. But he never would come home, and she died an old woman, standing on the balcony, heartbroken. Eternally waiting for her true love to come home. Her ghost is said to still haunt the upper balcony so keep your eyes peeled for her wailing cries.

Licenciado | Leandro Valle

Continue down Hidalgo until you reach Licenciado street and walk north. This is another fantastic example of just how amazing even the ordinary homes in this neighbourhood are. Walls are dripping in ivy and each new facade is painted in a different vibrant colour. Rich wooden doorways and fantastical wrought iron gates protect entry from the street into the secretive homes inside.

Although there might not be any specific historical sights here, these are the streets that make visiting a neighbourhood like San Angel so worth it! The road curves to the right and turns into Leandro Valle. Eventually, popping you outright outside Avenue Altavista. Bringin you to the front steps of the famous Casa Estudio Diego Rivera and Frida Kahlo.

Museo Casa Estudio Diego Rivera and Frida Kahlo

Standing from across the street is the best way to introduce yourself to this famous home. You can see the red and white building on the right, which served as Diego Rivera‘s studio contrasted by the bright periwinkle painted studio for Frida Kahlo. The two homes are connected via the large walkway on the top floor. The entire design of the homes is symbolic of their love. Two very different artists and lovers that are yet forever connected. This was Rivera’s dream home that he had commissioned by architect and friend Juan O’Gorman. O’Gorman is well known for many different famous buildings in Mexico City including the incredible designs inside the UNAM campus.

The museum leads you through both houses to see their studios, living spaces and a gorgeous rooftop view across the neighbourhood of San Angel. To get a complete guided tour of the Museo Casa Estudio Diego Rivera and Frida Kahlo you can read our full guide here.

San Angel Inn

To end your day in San Angel, head back across the street and to the historic San Angel Inn. In my honest opinion, the food isn’t the best here. It was probably one of the most disappointing meals I’ve had in Mexico City. And for what you get, it’s overpriced. But that being said, nothing can compete with this restaurant’s history, decor, and architecture.

My recommendation is to arrive before or after their lunch or dinner rush. And opt for only a drink and perhaps a dessert or snack. This way you can still enjoy the incredible environments but don’t need to worry about spending too much on subpar food. Plus, our margaritas were some of the best we’ve ever had so there are some definite gems to be found!

History

The best way to describe this place is an institution. The building itself dates back to 1616! It was originally the Our Lady of Santa Ana Monastery, built by Hernando Aragonés. Surrounding the monastery was a series of superb orchards and rich agave gardens. They produced a large amount of pulque here over the years, an iconic drink found only in Mexico. Despite changing hands many times over the years, much of the original gardens have been preserved to enjoy today.

History of San Angel Inn

In 1777, the old monastery was purchased by Ramon Goicoechea, who converted it into his family mansion. The hotel was also owned by musician Carlos Prieto who hosted classical music concerts inside. Even today, this tradition continues with live music played throughout the restaurant. Many years later, in 1908, the property was transformed into a large hotel and restaurant. The new owners sold off the excess land, which turned into the neighbourhood of Altavista. The huge mansion was divided up to make all different spaces, from guest rooms to the various restaurants and event spaces we can visit today.

Walking through the hallways, courtyards, and different rooms feels like being inside a living museum. The walls are covered in artworks collected by all the different owners who called this place home over the years. Famously, this restaurant was so popular that it was even notable for hosting various Mexican revolutionaries from Emiliano Zapata to Pancho Villa and Zapata. They were even seen singing a unity pact right here in the restaurant!

This brings us to the end of this incredible tour of San Angel. I hope you’ve enjoyed the sights we’ve seen along the way. Let me know in the comments which stop was your favourite or other treasures you’ve discovered along the way!

Happy Travels, Adventurers

The post The Ultimate Guide to the Artistic and Creative Corners of San Angel, Mexico City Walking Tour first appeared on The Creative Adventurer.

I was slightly hesitant to visit, to be honest. Although it was just northwest of the Historic Centre, it was also west of Lagunilla and Tepito. Lagunilla and Tepito are two of the so-called “barrio bravos,” the most dangerous neighbourhoods in Mexico City. When you’re visiting a new part of town, it’s always hard to tell how close things are to each other. And perhaps how much of those “bad neighbourhoods” bleed into the place you’re set to visit. I bravely set out in my Uber and travelled across the city. What I found was a place that seemed to beam with personality. A culinary and cultural gem! Truthfully, the neighbourhood has come a long way, and I never felt the least bit in danger. If anything, Colonia Santa María la Ribera was one of the friendliest parts of town I have yet to visit in CDMX.

People all over the central plaza were joyfully dancing in the heat of the afternoon sun. A charming 80-year-old man offered me a dance, but I was too shy to take part. But I very much regret not taking part. I had such a blast out in Colonia Santa María la Ribera. And I wanted to share with you all my favourite things to see and do in the Colonia Santa María la Ribera.

Table Of Contents

1. History
2. Location
3. Map of Walking Tour
4. Pasteleria El Globo
5. Alameda de Santa María
6. Kiosco Morisco
7. Oaxacaquí
8. Kolobok
9. Tlacoyotitlán
10. Corner of Jaime Torres Bodet and Calle Salvador Díaz Mirón
11. Museo del Instituto de Geología
12. Mercado La Dalia
13. Tortillería y Molino La Dalia
14. Restaurante La Oveja Negra 
15. Pulquería the Xochitl
16. Santa María La Ribera Street
17. Parroquia de la Sagrada Familia
18. Museo Universitario del Chopo
19. Biblioteca Vasconcelos

History

The word Ribera means “riverbank” in Spanish. After the European conquest of the Aztec city of Tenochtitlan, the colonizers drained the life-giving lakes around the Aztec temple. They did this in order to make room for the city’s expansion. But they quickly ran out of space and needed to expand outwards. The shallow Lake Texcoco was once located here in what is now the Colonia Santa María la Ribera. In 1545, this lake was also drained to claim more land. The land wasn’t originally considered a part of the greater Mexico City. It was handed over to the Catholic church missionaries where they could build their monasteries.

Rancho de Santa María

Hundreds of years later things began to change in Mexico City. Benito Juárez, the first indigenous president of Mexico, and a preeminent symbol ofMexican nationalism. Taking power in 1858, his government forced the Catholic landowners out of the country. Instead, the countryside was given back to the people and cattle ranchers moved in. The area which is now Colonia Santa María la Ribera, was owned by the Flores brothers. Their farm was named ‘Rancho de Santa María‘ which is where we get the name of the neighbourhood.

In 1859, the ranches were split up as the city just kept expanding. Santa María la Ribera became the first official subdivision of Mexico City. Residential homes were built as luxury getaways for the wealthy upper-class. These affluent families were looking to escape the busy city centre. They built country homes with large, spacious gardens. It was like being in the countryside despite being so close to the city.

In the early 20th century, the middle-class sought new residential neighbourhoods. And instead of building holiday homes, people were moving into the neighbourhood as their permanent residence. With this influx came the building of schools, parks and marketplaces. In order to serve the people who came to make this place their home.

1950’s Decline

But like Roma Norte, the post-war 1950s brought a drastic change to the neighbourhood. The land around Colonia Santa María la Ribera was sold off. An industrial zone with the trains coming in and out popped up beside it. Less than desirable in terms of noise. Lower rental prices drew in poorer residents. The upper class, put off by these newcomers, fled south to neighbourhoods like Polanco. Their old mansions were converted into apartments and businesses.

After the earthquake of 1985, a huge influx of people came to live in the neighbourhood. Unlike boroughs like La Roma, the damage to this area was pretty minimal. The government saw the preservation of this area as an opportunity. They began to move the displaced people of the inner city out to the northern districts. Despite the growth of economical housing, the area began to deteriorate. And in the 90s, the Colonia Santa María la Ribera was thought of as nothing more than a poor suburb. It was classed as a “barrio bravos,” where crime and drugs ran rampant.

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21st Century Revival

But like the rest of Mexico City, things began to change in the 21st century. Tourists saw the preservation of many of these historic 19th-century buildings as a hidden gem. In fact, there are over 1,000 buildings here listed as historic homes. While it may have been true that this neighbourhood was once dangerous, the last ten years have turned it around. People call it the “new Condesa” thanks to its neo-classical Porfiriato mansions and beautiful walkable streets. But without the huge influx of tourists… At least not yet.

Location

The neighbourhood is located between Avenue Ricardo Flores Magon and Ribera de San Cosme to the north and south. And between the Insurgentes Norte and Circuito Interior to the east and west. It is easily accessible by Uber or taxi. If you prefer to take the metro you can reach the area via the San Cosme or Buenavista station.

Map of Walking Tour

Pasteleria El Globo

To start our walking tour, we need to grab something to eat. Sitting in the park with a cup of coffee and pastry is the perfect start to the day. Pasteleria El Globo, is located across the street from the main plaza, along Manuel Carpio street. El Globo is a historic bakery chain here in Mexico City. And while some bloggers might snub their nose up a visiting a “chain,” I think that’s just hogwash. 

El Globo first opened its doors in 1884 in Mexico City. The word El Globo means “the balloon” as it was named after the invention of the hot air balloon. Don Benito León Acosta was a great Mexican inventor. His creation was one of the most important technological developments of the 19th century. The bakery managed to survive the political and economic upheaval of the Mexican Revolution, the great earthquake and more. El Globo persisted, and today they have over 170 different branches in 24 cities in Mexico. Grab yourself a small tray and fill up with whatever pan dulce (sweetbreads) look delicious to you. Pair that with a coffee, and you’ll be ready to have yourself a relaxing breakfast picnic in the park.

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Alameda de Santa María

Alameda de Santa María was one of the first construction projects made to impress the new residents in the 19th century. These residents required a public space to match their high-class mansions. So the park was designed to stand out against other public spaces of the time.

While you might assume Alameda just means “park” it has such a deeper meaning than that. An alameda is a public walkway or promenade shaded with trees. In the springtime, the jacaranda trees explode in vibrant purple blooms that set the park alight. The park is designed to highlight the impressive central kiosk. Four octagonal tiled fountains in either corner of the park cast the gentle murmur of flowing water throughout the space. The perfect place to sit on a hot day to feel like you’re cooling down.

Kiosco Morisco

The highlight of the park is doubtlessly the Kiosco Morisco or Moorish Kiosk. It was, in fact, the main reason I was drawn out to this area of town in the first place! Despite the overall Islamic appearance, the colourful pavilion was designed by Mexcian architect José Ramón Ibarrola. The Kiosk was made for the 1884 World’s Fair in New Orleans. It was such a success that it was moved in its entirety to Saint Louis for the Exposition of 1902.

After touring the states, the structure was returned to Mexico. After some deliberation, they decided upon the new Colonia Santa María la Ribera park for its permanent location. Like the rest of the neighbourhood, the kiosk found itself in disrepair in the late 20th century. Many of the parts had been dismantled and used to decorate private homes. But thanks to the neighbourhood revival in 2003, the city restored the kiosk to its original glory. And glorious it is!

Design of the Kiosk

Despite the organic, wooden appearance, the entire structure is made of cast iron. Cast iron was a revolutionary material in the early 20th century. Also seen in the Museo Universitario del Chopo that we will see later in the tour. Cast iron allowed for the structure to be easily disassembled and reassembled time after time. 

Mudéjar

The style of the ornamentations covering the whole structure is called Mudéjar. Mudéjar is a blend of Spanish and Moorish architecture and decorative elements. Mudéjar design is notable for its horseshoe arches, decorated in ornate mouldings. Geometric motifs combined with vegetal forms are another key design element. The structure is painted in deep red, pale blue and golden yellow. Primary colours that make such a visual impact.

This style was made famous inside the Alhambra Palace in Granada, Spain. Locals often refer to the kiosk as the “Mexican Alhambra Palace” as there are so many similarities.

The top of the exterior is framed in a staggered parapet covered in the same intricate Islamic geometric designs. Both the front of the parapet and the steeple of the dome feature the image of the Mexico City golden eagle. The symbol the Aztec’s searched for as the place where they would build their great city. The place where Mexico City now rests.

The building features 44 bright yellow external pillars and eight internal pillars. The internal pillars support the central stained-glass dome. The elaborate glass cupola features rows of arched windows and Islamic inspired geometric shapes and patterns. The rays of light cast down into the centre of the kiosk a mirroring the shapes from above.

Dancing in the Plaza

The area around the kiosk is frequented by dancers, most commonly seen on Sunday afternoons. They will be seen dancing to cumbia music. Cumbia is a musical rhythm and traditional folk dance from Colombia but popular here in Mexico City.

Oaxacaquí

If you’re looking for a spot to sit and relax while taking in the sights of the park, head across to Oaxacaquí. The menu features an incredible array of traditional Mexican favourites. The interior is humble and yet brightly coloured with fantastical Mexican textiles. One of the house specialties of this place is the Tlayuda. A Tlayuda is a dish from Oaxaca made from a thin, crunchy, partially fried tortilla. The tortilla is then covered with refried beans, lettuce or cabbage, avocado, meat, and salsa. But best of all, it is topped with the all-important Oaxaca cheese!

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Kolobok

Opposite the park is perhaps something you might be surprised to find in the middle of Mexico City. And that is a traditional Russian restaurant! Kolobok is one of the city’s only Russian restaurants and definitely the most popular. Ex-pats flock here on the weekend to get their fill of borscht, pierogies, goulash, and a myriad of Russian salads. Mayonnaise and beets flow like water here. You can also get classic Russian beer, imported all the way from the other side of the world. It’s definitely an oddity but has become a landmark in the neighbourhood. Kolobok is a wonderful example of how diverse Mexico City really is.

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Tlacoyotitlán

But my favourite spot to eat while I’m in Colonia Santa María la Ribera is Tlacoyotitlán. Perhaps a bit on the touristy side, but I adore the lengths the owners have gone to present pre-Hispanic cooking. Tlacoyotitlán means “the land between tlacoyos (tortillas)” and represents the restaurant’s passion for creating the perfect tlacoyo (tortilla). Their tortillas are made with chalqueño corn from Texcoco de Mora. In this city, there are some farms that still grow this type of heirlooon corn. 

But what this restaurant is really famous for are their dishes made with, of all thing, bugs. Insects are actually super healthy and have recently began to be featured on menus in North America. But before it was trendy in Los Angeles, the ancient Aztecs knew all about their health benefits. Tlacoyotitlán uses pre-Hispanic ingredients such as escamoles (ants), grasshoppers and even moth larvae. Using these ingredients they have created fusion recipes that combine ancient traditions and street food staples. It’s absolutely worth a try if you’re here, as you’ll never get such an elevated form of the dish.

Corner of Jaime Torres Bodet and Calle Salvador Díaz Mirón

Before leaving this area, definitely make a stop at the intersection of Jaime Torres Bodet and Calle Salvador Díaz Mirón. The buildings on either three corners opposite the park are so representative of the architecture of the Colonia Santa María la Ribera. To the southeast we can see the building that houses a small Estética hair salon on the ground floor. This is one of the most unique buildings in the neighbourhood, featuring some incredible tile designs. On the second floor, the tiles almost appear to be weaving in and out of each other. The green and white tiles are angled back and forth on the other levels to create this mesmerizing effect. It almost looks as if this building was woven out of the tiles themselves.

On the southwest corner we have an old pharmacy. But housing the simple pharmacy is one of the most stunning stone-carved neo-colonial structures. With richly carved balustrades, ornate columns and bright green wrough-iron Juliet balconies.

Museo del Instituto de Geología

Turning north, we make our way towards the hulking stone building at the end of the street. This is the great Museo del Instituto de Geología. This behemoth of a building is one of the best examples of Porfirato Art Nouveau architecture in Mexico City. President Porfirio Díaz was obsessed with the Beaux-Arts architecture of Paris. He spent much of his time in government commissioning many buildings in Mexico City to be built in this style. Construction began in 1890 as a part of Diaz’s mission to bring Mexico City into the modern age. Not just architecturally but also with additional cultural developments like museums.

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The Facade

Construction was completed in 1906 and opened as a foundation that aimed to promote earth sciences. The material used to build the exterior was stone quarried from the volanic rock of the valley of Mexica. In itself a literal slide of the bedrock of Mexico. The facade is intricately carved with images and relief inspired by Mexican scenery. There are also reliefs of shells, reptiles, fossils and even a few minature dinosaurs.

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Interior and Collection

Stepping inside the door, you enter the domed hallway, complete with the incredible wrought iron spiral staircase. Today, the collection is rather outdated, but many people still flock here, just to view the art nouveau staircase. The swirling iron handrails with vegetal designs and fantastically detailed banisters make you feel like you’ve entered a regal Parisian manor.

On the second floor, just up the stairs, are a series of stained glass windows made by German artist, Franz Xaver Zettler. Each one features a different scene relating to mining and natural resources.

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The most impressive part of the collection is their larger than life, mammoth skeleton standing in the great hall. Surrounding it, in antique glass cabinets are collections of fossils, vertebrates and invertebrates, minerals, rocks and meteorites. The first dinosaur bones found and restored in Mexico were exhibited here and can still be seen today.

Hours: Tuesday to Sunday from 10 a.m. to 5 p.m.
Admission: General admission $25 (pesos) Students, teachers and seniors $20 (pesos)

Mercado La Dalia

Head east along Manuel Carpio until you reach C. del Fresno. Turn north and walk a short ways until you find the Mercado La Dalia. The Mercado La Dalia or Santa Maria Market is oldest remaining neighbourhood markets in Colonia Santa María la Ribera. Families have been shopping for generations and the market feels wonderfully lived in. Since the market isn’t as busy or as large as the ones downtown, I feel like you can have a much more relaxed experience here.

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Remember to ask before taking any pictures. I always think it’s polite to buy at least one thing when visiting these markets. A way to give back in exchange for a cultural experience. Grab a small handle of fruit or even just a bottle of water from one of the lovely vendors here. Named after the Dahlia, this market has an incredible selection of flowers. And today there are much more than just dahlias. If you don’t mind carrying a bouquet around with you this is a great place to grab one.

Tortillería y Molino La Dalia

Just across from the market, you can find the bright green exterior of the Tortillería y Molino La Dalia. This is where locals from the neighbourhood come every day to get their freshly made tortillas. Stacks and corn tortillas pour out of the machines operated by hand in the back. The neighbourhood Tortillería is a staple of the community and if you’ve never seen one in operation, definitely stop by! And while you’re at it, buy a stack of tortillas for yourself. There is nothing as good as a fresh tortilla! Rolled up and dipped in fresh salsa, is the perfect way to eat it.

Restaurante La Oveja Negra 

If you are looking for something more substantial, head a few streets over to Restaurante La Oveja Negra. The Restaurante La Oveja Negra or the “Black Sheep Restaurant” is famous for their tacos de barbacoa. Barbacoa translates into Barbeque as the meat is made from a long and slow braising method. These tacos are usually made of sheep as this is the most traditional meat for Barbacoa (hence the restaurant’s name.)

The method of preparing barbacoa dates all the way back to pre-Columbian times. They begin by digging a hole in the ground and covering it with heated stones. The stones heat the hole for an entire day before the core temperate is hot enough to cook the meat.

After this, the prepared sheep is wrapped in maguey leaves. The leaves give the meat insulation from the hot stones and flavour the meat while it cooks. The oven is then covered in the same leaves and a layer of earth. A fire is lit on top, and the meat is left to cook for around 12 hours or more. The result is incredible! All the while enjoying this incredible meal, you are sitting inside this airy, courtyard-like interior. Covered floor to ceiling in brightly coloured Talavera tiles and papel picado (pecked paper). It feels like a celebration everyday in here.

Pulquería the Xochitl

Head north from the restaurant and continue east along with C. Eligio Ancona. Although this street is a bit run down, there are some truly spectacular examples of fine architecture along this road. Looks beyond the crumbling bricks, and you can find some real gems. Also found hidden along the street, inside a building that doesn’t even have a sign, is the Pulquería the Xochitl. Two saloon-style doors are all that let you know this place exists. Inside you’ll find a friendly atmosphere created from the drinks being served.

Pulque is a classical Nahuatl alcoholic beverage made from the fermented sap of the maguey (agave) plant. It is definitely an acquired taste and texture, to be sure. But if you’ve never tried it before, you should at least give it a go once! This Pulquería served up over 10 different Pulque flavours, which help overpower the slightly sour taste of the traditional variety.

Santa María La Ribera Street

From here, take a 12-minute walk back through the park and along Santa María La Ribera street. Walking along this street, you can appreciate how incredibly bright these neighbourhoods are. Every other house and apartment complex seems to be painted in yellows, reds, pinks and blues. Bringing such life to even the most simple exteriors. Along the way make a quick stop beside Alebrije café at #82 Santa María La Ribera. This incredibly dilapidated house still clings to the beauty of its art deco exterior. The vibrant colours of the stained glass balcony still stand out to all those who pass by.

Santa María La Ribera street is actually one of the more peaceful streets in the area, representing the neighbourhood. Unliked the boundary roads where are six lanes of traffic deep, here you’ll be able to walk without hearing much noise at all. People are out walking their dogs or taking their kids to school. Local street vendors and craftspeople are out on the street selling their wares, not for the tourists but for the area’s people.

Parroquia de la Sagrada Familia

Just past C. Sor Juana Ines de la Cruz we approach the magnificent Parroquia Josefina Sagrada Familia. While Mexico City is filled with incredible churches, this one stands out for being one of the most unique. The entirety of the church is designed in a Byzantine revival style. The eclectic style of neo-byzantine architecture seems to blend seamlessly into the landscape of Mexico City. 

The church was built in 1899 when the popularity of this style was in its heyday. This style features domed roofs, broad arches and alternating coloured marble columns. Featured on this exterior are also these Islamic-inspired floral cutouts inlaid into the stone exterior. Sadly, you can’t appreciate the most impressive part of the building from street level. On the top of the building, you can see the incredibly bright green tiles covering the entirety of the onion domes.

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Museo Universitario del Chopo

Head south on Santa María La Ribera toward Calle Ramón López Velarde. Shortly down Calle, Dr. Enrique Gonzalez is the towering Museo Universitario del Chopo. The great steel structure looms over you as you walk down the primarily residential street. It definitely stands out! Nicknamed the “Mexican Crystal Palace,” the building is designed in the art nouveau style of the time. Despite standing here today, the entire structure was originally built in Germany. 

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It was designed by Bruno Möhring in 1902 to house the Exhibition of Art and Textile in Düsseldorf. Wealthy Mexican businessman José Landero y Coss fell in love with the structure. Its remarkable glasswork and enchanted twin-style iron towers became the apple of his eye. When he heard it was being dismantled, he bought the entire installation. He then had to find a way to have it shipped, piece by piece, over to Mexico City. It took years to reassemble in the Colonia Santa María la Ribera. This neighbourhood was selected as both the building and the Colonia were symbols of modernity in Mexico City.

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Mexican Crystal Palace

The building was reopened in 1905. In 1910, President Díaz used it to house the Japanese Pavilion to impress the visiting Japanese ambassador. In 1913 it housed the new National Museum of Natural History dedicated to natural sciences. Most of this collection can still be seen today at the Museo Nacional de las Culturas.

But in 1964, it was forced to close its doors. It was left abandoned in a neighbourhood that was also falling to pieces. For a minute, there was a good chance this architectural wonder would be dissolved for scraps.

Thankfully, in 1975, the Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM) purchased the property and went about restoring it. After a few years, it was finally reopened as a cultural center rather than a permanent exhibition venue. Preserving this fantastic piece of architectural history. It was renamed the Museo Universitario del Chopo. Today, the building exhibits modern art projects for marginalized groups and young emerging artists. 

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Biblioteca Vasconcelos

From here, hop in an Uber and head over to the Biblioteca Vasconcelos to end the day. Although it’s definitely walkable, the streets are pretty chaotic over here. So taking an Uber right to the library’s front door is the most street-free way of making it out there. And when you’re done exploring the library, simply grab an uber to head back to your accommodation. The shape of the building almost resembles the haul of a boat or pyramid. The edges leaning in towards each other. Architect Alberto Kalach designed the library as an “ark, a carrier of human knowledge, immersed in a lush botanic garden“.

The project itself was a pretty controversial one. It was projected to cost 100 million pesos and yet ended up costing over 250 million pesos! That is in addition to the 13 million pesos annual budget. Many people balked at this monumental library being located in the northern suburbs, perhaps in a less affluent area. But Kalach really wanted to bring this temple of knowledge to everyone.

Surrealist Library Interior

Walking into the library, you are immediately overcome with the spectacle of this place. Towering over your head are hundreds of seemingly floating metal bookshelves suspended from the ceiling. The surreal look it gives to the visitors upon walking inside is unmatched. 

The bookshelves are located along with these floating platforms six storeys high. Shelved withing metal frames with smoked-glass inserts that cast the most ethereal teal glow throughout the space. The shelves are positioned along these heavy-duty tracks hanging from the ceiling. This allows the shelves to be moved around as required since library collections are always expanding.

Great Baleen Whale Sculpture

On the ground floor, suspended between the racks of books, is a hulking skeleton of a great Baleen whale. While it might look real, it is indeed a sculpture by artist Gabriel Orozco. Since Kalach designed the library to look like an arc, it feels fitting to have this whale incorporated into the building. Whales are a biblical reference seen in stories featuring biblical characters like Noah or Jonah.

Light in the Library

Natural light was one of the most important aspects of the architectural design. Many libraries are dark, ancient feeling spaces that, while beautiful, maybe aren’t the most welcoming. But the Biblioteca Vasconcelos is a space where you almost feel like you’re sunbathing while reading. But if you look closely, you’ll see that the light never enters the building directly. The light is always either diffused or enters at an angle. This produces a less harsh illumination and protects the books from damage. Even the roof is made from this slightly opaque pink glass that allows light to pour into the space. It makes the space feel airy despite all the heavy metals. It truly does feel more like a cathedral than a library.

Book Collection

The books inside the library are available to the public. But the collection also features some rare books which once belonged to famous Mexican writers, artists and poets. There is even a braille room you can explore with books and exhibits for the blind. 

Botanical Garden

Outside the library, you’ll find a maze of lush botanical gardens to explore. The garden features a myriad of plant species representative of the Valley of Mexico. There are fruit trees, edible plants, aromatics, shrubs and hanging vegetation. All the plants make the garden feel like it has been here for ages like the hanging gardens of Babylon. I spent almost as much time outside exploring the gardens as I did walking through the library itself.

I hope you enjoyed this lovely walking tour of Colonia Santa María la Ribera. It is truly one of those hidden cultural and culinary gems of Mexico City! Let me know in the comments where we should explore next!

Happy Travels, Adventurers

The post Ultimate Guide to Colonia Santa María la Ribera, Cultural Gem of Mexico City first appeared on The Creative Adventurer.

To find the best of what this neighbourhood in Mexico City has to offer follow this walking tour through the streets of Roma Norte!

Table Of Contents

1. Location
2. History of Colonial Roma
3. Architecture
4. Map of Walking Tour
5. Panadería Rosetta
6. Plaza Río de Janeiro
7. Edificio Rio de Janeiro
8. Iglesia de la Sagrada Familia
9. Casa Universitaria del Libro UNAM
10. Puebla Street
11. Pomona Street
12. Fuente de Cibeles
13. Bazar El Oro
14. Avenue Insurgentes
15. Orinoco
16. Mercado Roma
17. Avenida Álvaro Obregón
18. El Parián 
19. Librería Ático
20. Edificio Balmori
21. Cafebrería El Péndulo Roma
22. Casa Prunes
23. Plaza Luis Cabrera
24. Roma Museums
25. Restaurante Rosetta
26. Helados Cometa
27. Gin Gin Álvaro Obregón

Location

The neighbourhood of Roma Norte, also called Colonial Roma, is located south of the Paseo de la Reforma. And just below the Historic City Centre. Roma Norte’s central location makes it an ideal place for tourists. From here you can easily reach all the best spots in the city in no time!  The Colonial Roma is so large that the area has been divided into the North and South. Avenue Yucatan is the main street that separates Roma Norte and Roma Sud. Each area has developed their own distinctive character. There is also a third district called La Romita. Today, we are taking a tour of Roma Norte. Roma Norte is by far the most lively and largest neighbourhood in the area.

History of Colonial Roma

Roma was one of the first upper-class neighbourhoods built in Mexico City. And I don’t just mean built in the 20th century. In 1529, the area that now makes up Roma was granted to Hernán Cortés by the Spanish Crown. During the colonial period, the Counts of Miravalle continued to control the area. This brought in more and more wealthy Spainairds into the neighbourhood. And with them the need for lavish residences.

Eduardo Walter Orrin

But it wasn’t until the 19th century that we start to see the creation of the Roma we find today. And we have the strangest person to thank for the overall look and feel of the neighbourhood. And that is Englishman Eduardo Walter Orrin. Orrin made his wealth in the Circus of all places. The Orrin Circus arrived in Mexico City in 1872 after touring the US and South America.

The circus was a HUGE success in Latin America. It was so popular that Orrin was able to afford to build a permanent venue. The circus operated inside, what is now the Teatro Blanquita in the Centro Histórico, for over 26 years! When Eduardo Orrin finally closed the circus, he turned his eyes on real estate development. And there was no place more promising than the area just south of the historic centre…what we know today as Roma Norte!

The Creation of Roma

In the late 19th century, the wealthy elite of Mexico City were fleeing the crumbling Centro Histórico. The Centro Histórico was literally sinking into the ground and the old architecture was deteriorating rapidly. The aristocracy of Mexico City were looking for wide-open spaces in which to build their mansions. They dreamt of modern, colonial architecture. Orrin, whose circus operated in the historic centre, heard these cries. So Orrin went about purchasing land to the south.

The name “Roma” was also Orrin’s idea and came from Circo Romano (Roman Circus.) Although somewhat dissimilar to today’s circus, the Roman Circus was the inspiration for his own money-making enterprise. Even the streets around Roma were inspired by the circus. Many of the roads were named after the Mexican cities where the Orrin Circus had travelled. You’ll find Puebla, Oxaca, Colima, Córdoba, Morelia and more!

Porfirio Era

Porfirio Diaz and his government were also interested in aiding the creation of this upper-class neighbourhood. The president was enthralled with the European cities he visited on his travels. He longed to make Mexico City as impressive as those European cities he so badly envied. Diaz and his government provided rich and modern infrastructure to the new colonial. This included running water lines and sewers. Sewers were a truly modern convenience that, at the time, only was available in the Roma neighbourhood!

Roma soon became a European aristocratic enclave. Inspired by the elegant boulevards of Paris, the street in Roma were widened. And many of the main streets were installed with double rows of trees. Medians were built in the centre of the roads to provide relaxing pedestrian walkways. In the 1940s and 1950s, the area drew in the best of the best of Mexico City. Artists, businessmen and politicians arrived in style. Famous chilangos such as Álvaro Obregón, David Alfaro Siqueiros and former president Mexico Luis Echeverría all found themselves living within these “walls”. 

The Great Downfall of Roma

But in the 1950s, after WWII, the city began instituting lower rent regulations in these neighbourhoods. This act brought in more lower-class residents. The wealthier class railed against these newcomers, and many started to leave the area. More exclusive and luxurious areas like Polanco began to pop up. Drawing the remainder of the upper class out of Roma for good.

In addition to the new residents, taller buildings began to pop up around the colonial mansion. “Ruining” the look of the peaceful “town,” causing a further exodus. But the tall buildings weren’t just an eyesore; they were unknowing starting to disturb the ground below them.

This all came to a head on September 19th, 1985, at seven in the morning. An earthquake with a magnitude of 8.0 hit Mexico City. Thousands of buildings were levelled, and over 10,000 people lost their life. In Roma alone, 472 buildings were partially or entirely collapsed. The neighbourhood fell into complete disrepair. The population declined from 95,000 inhabitants in 1970 to 35,000 in 1995.

Reconstruction efforts were slow in these lower-class neighbourhoods. Regulations were put into place that no new apartment buildings could be constructed or older constructions adapted. This was to ensure the area remained intact until it could be repaired. But, by happy accident, this ended up preserving the remaining historic buildings for future residents and travellers.

The Renaissance of Roma

In the last 10 years, the area has started to slowly become more and more gentrified. We are witnessing the rebirth and renaissance of Colonial Roma. Low rents and beautiful architecture brought the hipsters who have started to transform the streets once more. Today the area is home to some of the cities trendiest cafes, incredible street art, awe-inducing pastries, curated cocktails and top-class restaurants.

Architecture

Porfirian Art Deco

There are two main identifiable architecture styles in Roma; Porfirian Art Deco and Colonial Revival Style. The iconic architecture of Roma is marked by the fact that the new residents rejected the traditional Mexcian Baroque architecture found in the historic centre. That iconic red tezontle stone was replaced with wrought iron, crucial for highlighting the Art Deco elements.

French and Italian influences were also incorporated with Gothic and Moorish designs. Today, this combination of design styles is called “Porfirian architecture,” named after President Porfirio Diaz. Traditional Mexican brick and ceramics were replaced with modern metal and glass. Houses in this style were constructed up until 1910. 

Colonial Revival Style

After the Mexican Revolution (1910-1920), the houses and buildings took on a Neo-Colonial or Colonial Revival Style. The era after the Revolution served as the antithesis to the Porfirian. The new President Venustiano Carranza‘s government even gave out federal tax exemptions to those who built houses in the colonial-revival style. These neo-colonial houses displayed a sense of nationalism and featured plateresque elements, pinnacles and mixtilinear arches. Architects brought back traditional materials such as tezontle, cantera and Talavera tiles.

As we walk along the streets, see if you can spot the various styles as we go!

Map of Walking Tour

Panadería Rosetta

There is no better place to start your morning in Roma Norte than at Panadería Rosetta. Panadería Rosetta is a café that combines the best of French and European traditions with Mexican ones. The café offers a daily selection of baked goods. So there is always something extra special to try depending on what day you come by. They offer both sweet and savoury bread and sandwiches, cakes, muffins and more! Everything hidden away in their little glass cases is to die for. Their baked good is so delicious that this bakery delivers their goods to dozens of cafes around town. But I like coming right to the source!

Plaza Río de Janeiro

Grabbing your coffee and pastries to go, head north along Orizaba Street towards the stunning Plaza Río de Janeiro. Plaza Río de Janeiro (or Rio de Janeiro Square) was originally named Plaza Roma but it was renamed in 1922. Mexico was invited to attend the Brazilian centenary celebration in 1922 and wanted to pay tribute to their brotherly city. So they decided instead of building an entirely new park, they would just rename this one for them.

The columns of cacti that line the park’s edge create these wonderful architectural elements created out of the natural environment. The park’s pathways swirl and curl around the central parkette. Creating this almost mesmerizing and yet peaceful atmosphere.

Michelangelo’s David

One of the park’s most interesting features is the replica statue of Michelangelo‘s David. It stands in the centre of the park looking over the central fountain. One might wonder why there is an Italian statue smack dab in the centre of the park dedicated to Brazil. In truth, there is no connection between the two. Simply, the city architects of the time were on a quest to turn Mexican parks into European squares. Going so far as creating these exact replicas. We will see more and more along the rest of our tour so keep an eye out!

Edificio Rio de Janeiro

On either side of the park, you’ll find some incredible examples of old colonial and art deco mansions. Their stone and wrought iron Juliet balconies looking out towards the park are draped in their own set of greenery. The most important house surrounding the park is the Edificio Rio de Janeiro. It is found on the east side of the park. Easily identifiable by the large green awning and art deco lettering that marks its entrance. While the building is today called ‘Edificio Rio de Janeiro’ years ago, the house went by a very different name…

La Casa de las Brujas  

While the lower, street-level exterior is covered in wrought iron and art deco elements, these were added in the 1930s. The original castle-inspired red-brick building was built in 1908. The house was called the La Casa de las Brujas (The Witch’s House). It was nicknamed as such due to the pointed tower located in the corner of the building. It was thought to perfectly resemble a pointed witch’s hat. But the witch symbolism doesn’t stop there! Many people thought that the windows below the “hat” resembled a human face. The (now) bricked up ovals were the yes, the lintel was the nose and the pointed balcony the mouth. To get the effect, you need to look at the house from the northwest corner. And trust me, it’s hard to miss!

Rumours began to spread that only a witch could have devised such a creation. Stories say her name was La Pachita. And she would watch people coming about their business in the park from her windows. Perhaps looking for victims or buyers of her next spell. But sadly, the truth is much more boring. The house was designed by architect Enrique Sánchez Sedeño. He was working under the Porfiriato and was influenced by European designs. He drew on elements from Gothic architecture and Viennese-style windows to create the house we see today.

Iglesia de la Sagrada Familia

Continue past the park, up Orizaba street, towards the Iglesia de la Sagrada Familia. This church sits on the corner of Puebla street. The exterior of the church is awe-inspiring, filled with rich neo-romanesque decorations. This was the first church in Colonial Roma in 1910. One of my favourite aspects of the church is the neo-Gothic rose window above the entrance. The window is surrounded by ornate stone carvings of palm leaves. The stunning Italian-made stained glass windows are also filled with organic designs of plants and flowers. As the entirety of Roma feels like a living garden, the church fits right into that blooming environment.

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Casa Universitaria del Libro UNAM

Kiddie corner to the church is the Casa Universitaria del Libro UNAM, another iconic building from the history of Roma. It was built in 1920 and originally designed as an elegant residence for Joaquín Baranda MacGregor, a preeminent politician. The mansion was created by the same designer as the church. He chose for this house the art deco style so popular at the time. Today the house is iconic for its green wrought iron scalloped gates and bright green shutters. The building is a venue for various academic activities and book publications from the Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México.

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If you have the chance to pop your head inside, definitely take advantage of that opportunity! The entrance features a large irregular hexagonal hall, with a central staircase leading up to a great stained glass. The stained glass features the church of San Francisco Javier in Tepotzotlan, one of the most beautiful churches in Mexico.

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Puebla Street

Continue walking west along Puebla Street. This street’s sidewalks are famous for being packed with street vendors. Here is my quick guide on how to sample them safely:

• Choose freshly squeezed juice over agua frescas
• Eat in the morning to ensures food hasn’t been sitting out all day.
• Always eat food that you can see is being freshly cooked.
• Eat from vendors where the chef doesn’t handle the money or wears gloves when touching it.
• Avoid uncooked vegetables and fruit that may have been washed in unfiltered water
• Choose the stands which have a line – a good sign they are reputable and the food is turned over quickly.
• Sanitize your hands before eating
• Avoid salsas and crema at street food stalls. It’s hard to tell if it has been left out in the sun without refrigeration.

Pomona Street

Take a shortcut down Pomona Street. At #30 you can spot a gorgeous example of green Talavera tiles brought in by the colonial revivalists. A great photo op spot! Despite being an utterly residential street, there are some of the most fantastical slices of architecture here. Study the inset entrance at #46, guarded with huge and ornate wrought iron bars. Exiting onto the Calle de Durango, walk west towards the large roundabout, our next stop.

Fuente de Cibeles

Popping out of the quaint side street, you’ll exit onto the busy Plaza Villa de Madrid. In the center of this large roundabout is a mammoth circular plaza featuring a dramatic fountain. The Fuente de Cibeles made a replica of the original fountain of the same name found in Madrid. The city to which the plaza is also named. The community around the plaza were primarily residents originally from Spain. They wanted to bring something to Mexico City that represented their homeland. It was designed as a symbol to link both cities in their shared brotherhood. 

The Goddess Cybele

The fountain features the goddesses Cibele. She is the mistress of wild nature, sitting in her bronze chariot. Cibele is pulled by her companions, her two pet lions. They are a male and female, representing fertility. Cibele also is the godess of protection, also symbolized in the fearsome lions. She carries an oversized key in her hand, which indicates her power over earth. In the other hand, she carries a sceptre, a symbol of her power over the seasons.

Fittingly, as Cibele represents the seasons, she is surrounded in Springtime by Mexico City’s most impressive seasonal features; the Jacaranda trees. The best time of to see the Jacaranda trees is during later March and early April. This is when they are in full bloom and create a halo of purple blossoms all around the plaza. The plaza is surrounded by some very hip cafes and restaurants. It is a great place to return to while away a lazy afternoon.

Bazar El Oro

On Saturdays and Sundays, the Bazar El Oro pops up on the corner of El Oro and Colima street. Just down the road from the Fuente de Cibeles. It’s a wonderful and eclectic neighbourhood market filled, with shops set up under brightly coloured tarps. Everything from traditional quesadillas to clothing, accessories, music, and coffee is on sale here!

Avenue Insurgentes

From here, we will take a short walk down the busy six-lane Avenue Insurgentes. Insurgentes is the longest avenue in Mexico City, at 28.8 kilometres or 17.9 miles! It passes through almost every neighbourhood; Condesa, Roma, Del Valle, Napoles, San Ángel and Pedregal until it reaches the southern suburbs. The name ‘Insurgentes’ comes from the Insurgent Army (Ejército de Los Insurgentes.) This army fought for Mexican independence from Spain during the in the early 19th century. Their efforts are the reason Mexico City is free from European control today. Giving them such a large memorial street is a wonderful way of remembering their sacrifice.

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Orinoco

If you were hesitant to try the street tacos, the famous Orinoco Taco is the perfect place to grab lunch. This is one of the most popular taco shops in Roma Norte. Best known for their famous trompo or taco al pastor. Taco al pastor or “shepherd style” tacos are made from spit-grilled pork. The dish was created after Lebanese immigrants introduced shawarma to Mexicans. The pork is marinaded in adobada (red chile) paste and spit roasted with a large pineapple placed on top.

When it is served, it is companied by sliced onions, cilantro and the all-important roasted pineapple. Added to give it that hint of sweetness. Taco al pastor is my favourite kind of taco, and there is no visit to Mexico City without trying them. You should really try all three traditional varieties to decide which one is your favourite. Pair the meal with an agua fresca and, of course, a side of Chicharron (fried pork rinds.)

Mercado Roma

If you’d rather grab something more substantial, make a detour along Insurgentes. Walk along for about eight minutes until you reach C. Querétaro. Just a few steps from the intersection is the food paradise of the Mercado Roma. The sprawling three-story “market” is more of a food hall. There are no fruit and vegetable stands here. Instead, you’ll find upscale tapas, vegan tacos, a rooftop beer garden and boutique-style dessert stands. The aim of the market was to bring the concept of a gourmet market together with the local community. You can sit around communal tables and perhaps even make a few new friends inside. 

Avenida Álvaro Obregón

To continue the tour, head back to Insurgentes, and walk east via the Avenida Álvaro Obregón. Many people refer to Avenida Álvaro Obregón as the “main street” in Roma Norte. The best way to explore this street is to step into the pedestrian median. Walking between the two lanes of traffic. The design of the street was meant to replicate French boulevards, which also featured central medians.

Along the median, you can stop and sit on one of the many benches. Take a moment to relax under the trees or study the sculptures found along the way. The central walkway is home to bustling art and an antique market which pops up on the weekends.

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Remember Michalengo’s David we saw before? Well, the sculptures along this street are also replicas of famous Italian works of art. They feature characters from Greek and Roman mythology. There are twelve sculptures in total. The fountains include copies of Mirón‘s Discobolus, Michelangelo‘s Bacchus and the Venus de Milo.

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El Parián 

Just past Jalapa Street, stop just inside El Parián, the art-nourveau arcade. This incredible colonial building features eye-catching art-nouveau-style windows. Framing the windows are incredibly detailed stoned carving with charming characters encircling the building.

Stepping inside, you’ll be able to admire the newly renovated covered shopping arcade. Shops line either side of the passageway. The interior is drenched in light, thanks to the glass ceiling above your head. The new arcade features a fantastical tiled floor, art deco-style decorations and a wash of greenery. It makes you feel like shopping inside a botanical garden!

Librería Ático

A few doors down from El Parián, you’ll come to a small store piled high are thousands of books. Librería Ático is one of those bookstores that feels lived in, in the best way possible. There is a combination of cheap, used books and antique volumes over 100 years old. While you might not find a huge selection of English language books here, I love perusing the vintage collections. I always search out vintage coffee table books filled with pictures. They make for great conversations pieces. And you can use them to help study your Spanish!

Edificio Balmori

Across the street from Librería Ático is the Edificio Balmori or Balmori Building. The Balmori Building was built in 1922 and later renovated in 1991 to restore the damage from the 1985 earthquake. The building was designed to feature an eclectic combination of historical styles. The new Colonial Roma aimed to imitate European architecture. But they went about it in their own unique ways. This resulted in the amalgamations of style we see today. Study the building for long enough and you can spot; classical, art nouveau, belle epoque, and even Art Deco decorations.

Cafebrería El Péndulo Roma

If you prefer shopping for newer books, you must make your way over to Cafebrería El Péndulo Roma. Cafebrería El Péndulo is a bookstore chain, found across Mexico City. But each store has its own unique personality. Standing three storeys tall when you walk inside, look up to see all the bookshelves towering over you. It almost feels like entering the M.C Escher version of a bookstore. Péndulo always carries a wide selection of English language books. Real plants are dotted around the shop, bringing life into every corner you step inside.

Casa Prunes

Just south of Cafebrería El Péndulo is the Casa Prunes. The Casa Prunes is hidden away on historic Chihuahua street. Despite its rather obscure location, it is one of the best remaining examples of Art Nouveau architecture in Roma. True art-nouveau has all but disappeared. Save for this location. It is indeed a rare bird. The architects were inspired by the natural forms of the prune tree. You can see the arching branches and even bunches of prunes hanging off the stone window carvings.

Despite its artistic impact, the house was left abandoned for years. Only recently has it been renovated. You can now step inside and enjoy a drink in this chic cocktail bar.

Plaza Luis Cabrera

Continue west along Chihuahua street and then south on Orizaba. Walk until you reach the small but delightful parkette inside Plaza Luis Cabrera. The park is named after politician Luis Cabrera. Cabrera was known for speaking out against the governments of Álvaro Obregón. He fought to protect the rights of the lower-class. The square was designed to mirror Plaza Rio de Janeiro.

Beat Writers in Roma

The park sits on the edge of Orizaba and Zacatecas Street, a popular area in the 1950s for American writers. Authors like Jack Kerouac, William Burroughs and Allen Ginsberg made their pilgrimage to CDMX. Some of the writers were fleeing America for what they saw as a more romanticized, foreign land. Others (Burroughs) were literally fleeing drug possession charges. Either way, they saw Mexico City as somewhere they could indulge in their vices. In the 1950s, Roma was on the decline. These ex-pats could get away living in robust colonial mansions, drinking and eating all day for very little money.

Famously, Kerouac wrote many stories of his adventures using peyote. He and Burroughs would take it together and lie in the grass in the Plaza Luis Cabrera. Regaling each other of what they saw in their hallucinations. But Roma wasn’t all champagne and roses for these writers. William Burroughs lived just off Avenida Álvaro Obregón (where we stopped for tacos). It was here in 1951 that, after one too many drinks, Burroughs life would change forever. He and his wife were playing with his pistol when he accidentally shot her in the head. She died on the spot. Despite being accidental, Burroughs was convicted to a two-year suspended sentence. But the trauma of the incident spurred him on to become a better writer. And perhaps the reason he is so prolific today.

Roma Museums

Looking to find a way to spend the rest of your afternoon? Consider a visit to one of Roma’s many museums.

MODO Museo del Objeto

My favourite museum in Roma Norte is the MODO Museo del Objeto. I love to study vintage packaging, advertising, and graphic deisgn. These items and practical objects, dating as far back as 1810, tell a rich story about the culture and communities they served. The museum started as one man’s personal collection and today contains over 30,000 items. Bruno Newman is a researcher looking into the history of design and communications. This museum is a wonderful chance for him to share his finding with the rest of us!

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Casa Lamm Culture Center

Casa Lamm is now a fantastic gallery and cultural center. But when it was first built in 1911, it served as an aristocratic residence. Although the family never got around to living in it. The mansion was designed to be emblematic of the Euro-Mexican style. Encompassing as many European design elements as possible. But Casa Lamm manages to do it elegantly where all the ornaments somehow feel cohesive.

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After changing hands several times, the house was transformed and saved from utter ruin in 1993. It was turned into the Casa Lamm Culture Center. The centre set out to serve and educate the community in academic and artistic endeavours. Today, students can receive their BA, Master or Doctorates in Art History, Museum Management, Art Curatorship and Creative Writing.

But the public can enter the centre to explore various public areas. There is the fantastic Liberia Pegaso bookstore. Here you can find some incredible books on the art and architecture of Mexico City. You can also explore their various galleries featuring a rotating list of contemporary artists. You can also explore their gorgeous garden filled with exemplary sculptures from famous and up and coming Mexican artists.

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Galleria OMR

If you’re into contemporary, avant-garde art, you should make a point to visit the OMR Gallery. The OMR prides itself on representing emerging and established contemporary artists. Many of these artists are instrumental in the development of Mexico City’s contemporary art scene. The gallery is located inside an industrial-style building perfect for featuring these contemporary works for art. The space blends together the indoors and outdoors. Allowing the art works to pour out into the courtyard to best serve the artistic experience.

Restaurante Rosetta

Make your way back up Orizaba to Colima Street. Colima Street is home to some of the best restaurants in the area. To end your evening in Roma Norte, make reservations at Rosetta restaurant. This incredible culinary experience is located inside an old villa whose courtyard has been restored to serve a the restaurant’s dining room. The entire place is filled with plants, making you feel as though you are dining al fresco. The ambiance is outstanding, and the dishes are ever-changing to suit the season. Locally sourced produce is reflected in the ever-changing menu. I always lean towards the chef’s inventive takes on traditional Mexican cusine. Dishes like white mole with fermented carrots and charcoal are the perfect example of this modern take on classical dishes.

Helados Cometa

In my opinion, no meal (especially dinner) is complete without dessert! Head next door to Helados Cometa for some of the best ice creams in the entire city! Everything here is made from scratch. Unlike other shops in the city with an overwhelming menu, their selection is small but flawless. Ensuring every bite is made to perfection. Even their cones are handmade and have an added element of salt which wonderfully complements the sweet cream! Try the honey and pistachio, or rose and pistachio (pretty much anything with pistachio!)

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Gin Gin Álvaro Obregón

For those who don’t want the night to end, or like me, want to poke their heads into every building, you can safely bar hop along with the Avenida Álvaro Obregón. Gin Gin Álvaro Obregón is my favourite bar thanks for their out-of-this-world, skeletal decor! Their cocktail menu is IMMENSE, and highlights (as is the name of the bar infers) gin! As the night wears on, a DJ will sometimes play live music. While this can get very loud, if that’s your vibe, you’ll really enjoy yourself.

There are many other places to explore and discover, but this brings us to the end of your guided tour of Roma Norte! I hope you enjoyed yourself and learned more about this fantastical slice of Mexico City. Let me know in the comments what other neighbourhoods we should explore next!

Happy Travels, Adventurers!

The post Ultimate Self-Guided Tour of Trendy Roma Norte in Mexico City first appeared on The Creative Adventurer.

Where to Stay in Mexico City

1. La Condesa
2. Centro Histórico or Historic Centre
3. Zona Rosa / Colonia Juárez
4. San Rafael
5. Reforma / Juarez
6. Colonia Roma / La Roma
7. Coyoacan
8. Polanco
9. Areas to Avoid

Quick Reference Guide

La Condesa – Best neighbourhood for Cafes and Green Spaces
Historic Centre – Best neighbourhood for History Buffs
Zona Rosa – Best neighbourhood for Nightlife
San Rafael – Best neighbourhood for Theatre Lovers
La Reforma – Best neighbourhood for Modern Architecture
La Roma – Best neighbourhood for Foodies
Coyoacan – Best neighbourhood for a Community Atmosphere
Polanco – Best neighbourhood for High-End Shops and Luxury Goods

La Condesa

La Condesa is one of the trendiest neighbourhoods in Mexico City, and it is my absolute favourite place to stay. Condesa is located just southeast of Chapultepec Park. This hip neighbourhood is where you can find some of the best cafes and restaurants. But the real draw for me of this neighbourhood is the green spaces. The area is also known as the “lungs of the city,” with lush parks and tree-lined avenues around every corner. Parque México and Parque España both have beautifully landscaped gardens and fountains. They make for the best little escape from the rest of the world.

The architecture around here is phenomenal, with the largest collections of Art Deco buildings after Miami. On Sundays, the streets of Condesa come alive with live music and street vendors. A large portion of Condesa is residential with many beautiful apartment buildings and single-family homes. This allows the neighbourhood to feel like a little community and not just as a touristy area. The family atmosphere also means it is a safe place to stay. Important for first-time visitors to feel comfortable.

Sights Nearby: Parque España, Parque México, Chapultepec Castle, Museo Nacional de Antropología
Cafes/Restaurants: Cardinal Coffee House, El Moro, Lardo, Condesa Tianguis

Top Hotel for Great Amenities: Maria Condesa Hotel $$

Maria Condesa is a great mid-range option in La Condesa. The location is great, right in the heart of the La Condesa art deco area. The rooms are super stylish, and the suites come with a street view and walk-in saunas. A huge perk to staying here would be the restaurant on the terrace.

Top Hotel for a Home Away from Home: Casa Dovela $$$

Casa Dovela is a Boutique-House featuring contemporary duplexes and a beautiful one-bedroom suite. It’s a cross between a luxury home and a boutique hotel located along the art-deco streets of Condesa. The original building was left abandoned after the 1985 earthquake-like so many other residences in Condesa. But seeing its developmental potential, the hotel owners snapped it up.

They nabbed it just as the revitalization of Condesa was starting to take place. Aspects of the original architecture were preserved, but many parts of the building were modernized for aesthetics and comfort. Staying here in the heart of the neighbourhood, with a playground you can see from your window, you feel embedded into the community. Just outside your front door, a market pops up on Tuesdays where you can buy fresh produce and cook it up right at home.

Centro Histórico or Historic Centre

The historic center of Mexico City is located in the city’s heart. It is home to many of the country’s most popular tourist attractions. The historic centre was designated as a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 1987. It covered an area of about 450 hectares. Inside you’ll find the main plaza or Zocalo, along with all of its historical buildings. You can spend days exploring this neighbourhood without getting bored! The main downside to staying inside the historic centre is also the reason it’s such a wonderful place to stay. And that’s all the attractions, and therefore all the toursits.

Although being located close to all the historical sights gives you lots to do, it does feel like staying inside an amusement park. And when the sun goes down, the side streets are dead quiet as no locals live in the area. It is mainly a shopping and tourist district. Getting in and out of the area is also slightly problematic as many streets are closed to vehicle traffic. Which again is a huge plus when you are walking around but a downside when you arrive in a taxi with your luggage. So just be prepared to be dropped off a few streets away from your hotel and walk over to your destination.

Sights Nearby: Metropolitan Cathedral, National Palace, Templo Mayor, Alameda Central, Torre Latinoamericana
Cafes/Restaurants: Pastelería Ideal, Azul Histórico, LA OPERA, Dulcería de Celaya 

Best Hotel for History Lovers: Gran Hotel Ciudad De Mexico $$$

The Gran Hotel Ciudad De Mexico is a 5-star hotel with elegant rooms and a great location bordering Zocalo square. Some of the rooms even have a view of the large square. The highlight of the hotel is the grandiose Tiffany stained glass ceiling. It looms over you as you enter framed by the art deco wrought irons balconies that surround the lobby. You can soak in the splendour while sipping a coffee inside the lobby cafe. This is the perfect luxury option in a prime location. The hotel also offers a fabulous terrace restaurant overlooking the square if you didn’t get a room with a view.

Best Hotel for a Budget: Hampton Inn & Suites Mexico City $

If you’re looking for a budget version of the Gran Hotel, look no further than the Hampton Inn & Suites. The hotel is located inside a beautifully restored historic building complete with architectural styling dating back to the 1800s. Inside you’ll find simple yet comfortable and spacious rooms with modern conveniences. Like the Gran Hotel Ciudad, this hotel also features a six-storey atrium with a stained glass ceiling. Albeit not as impressive, it is nevertheless a stunning addition to welcome you inside.

Zona Rosa / Colonia Juárez

The Zona Rosa (Pink Zone) is located on the south side of Paseo de la Reforma Avenue. Found between Insurgentes Avenue and Eje Central Lázaro Cárdenas. The area saw great expansion during the rise of Porfiriato. The Porfiriato is the time period between the late 19th and early 20th centuries when General Porfirio Díaz ruled. The previously poor neighbourhood was transformed into an elegant community.

Today, the Zona Rosa is renowned for its nightlife. It’s a favourite place for tourists due to the wide variety of venues in just a few blocks. It is a place where one can find many bars, dance clubs and restaurants. This area has also become important for the gay community of the city. Found in this part of town are many gay-friendly bars and discos. This is definitely the place to stay for those who enjoy the nightlife!

Sights Nearby: Mercado de Artesanías, The Angel of Independence, Glorieta de La Palma, Mercado de Artesanías La Ciudadela
Cafes/Restaurants: Chiquitito Café, Café Nin, La Casa de Toño, Tacos de Canasta de La Abuela

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Best Hotel to Feel Safe Cozy and Safe: Hotel Casa González $

Hotel Casa González has been operating inside the Zona Rosa for almost 100 years! The current owner’s grandfather built the two original homes in the mid-1920s. They were later joined together to create this unique hotel. As the hotel is located in front of the English Embassy, and just one block from the American Embassy, the area is frequented by local police officers. This is a great place to stay if you want to feel very safe. When you step through the tall gates entering the hotel, you are met with a secret garden oasis. A courtyard filled with trees and climbing vines where you’ll feel like you never want to leave. The rooms are very simple, yet each one has its own charming decor, making you feel right at home. The breakfast room is the best part where you feel like dining inside abuelas kitchen.

Best Hotel for Swimmers: Hotel Carlota $$

Hotel Carlota is an affordable boutique hotel was built inside an old house. It transformed the interior space to honour Mexico City. A city filled with culture, design, art, memories and modernity. The rooms are stylish, and the entire hotel has an indoor/outdoor open-air floor plan. Stepping out of your room, you can look down at the amazing pool below. Perfect for those hot, humid days.

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San Rafael

Just north of the Zona Rosa is the San Rafael neighbourhood. The area features beautiful colonial architecture, 19th-century mansions and art deco apartment buildings. San Rafael was once known as the “Broadway of Mexico,” where you’d find live music and performances. Today you can still see various mid-century theatres and art galleries popping up all over the place. This area is a great place to stay if you want to remain close to the Historic Centre while not being overwhelmed by the tourists. Here you can still feel that local sense of community.

Sights Nearby: Teatro Aldama, Teatro Mexico, Museo Nacional de la Revolución, The National Museum of San Carlos, Skulls & Art Exhibition
Cafes/Restaurants: LA TALAVERA, Tacos de Canasta de La Abuela, Pakaá, Restaurante y Banquetes El Sol

Best Hotel for Environmentalists: El Patio 77 $

El patio 77 is the first eco-friendly B&B in Mexico City! The hotel is located inside a 19th-century house that has been converted into eight unique suites. Each suite has its own design, inspired by Mexico City’s cultural and artistic heritage. The heart of the house is the courtyard, where you can dine on Mexican cuisine with other hotel guests. Since the boutique hotel is so small, book in advance, as the rooms book up quick!

Reforma / Juarez

Mexico City’s Reforma neighbourhood is located in the Benito Juarez borough. It is one of the oldest neighbourhoods in Mexico City, and yet it is also one of the most modern. It is considered almost like the Times Square of Mexico City. The streets in this area are straight and wide, which gives this area an air of sophistication. On either side of the road, you’ll stare up, up and up. Looking in awe at the amazing glass works of modern architecture. The beauty of staying in the Reforma / Juarez district is you have easy access to all the most popular neighbourhoods like; Centro Historico, Polanco, Roma, and Condesa.

The grand Paseo de La Reforma, which dominates the area, is lined with monuments and some of the most unbelievable modern architecture found anywhere in the city. On Sundays, the entire street is closed to motorists and is used by pedestrians and cyclists. Street vendors come out along with artisans selling arts and crafts on blankets on the sidewalk. It feels like a bustling festival that explodes onto the street every week!

Sights Nearby: Cafetería El Péndulo Zona Rosa, Mercado de Artesanías, Museo del Chocolate
Cafes/Restaurants: Churrería El Moro, Café Nin, Helena, La Casa de Toño

Best Hotel for a View: Sofitel Mexico City Reforma $$$

The new Sofitel Mexico City Reforma is the perfect place to indulge in a decidedly chic experience. This hotel combines the essence of Mexican culture with the spirit of French Art de Vivre. Ideally located on Paseo De La Reforma, it was one of this city’s first luxury hotels. Inside their contemporary and stylish suites, you get breathtaking views of the city and the famous Angel of Independence monument.

Best Hotel for the Breakfast Buffet: NH Collection Mexico City Reforma $

NH Collection Mexico City Reforma is a wonderful hotel at a great price in the centre of the Reforma neighbourhood. Even the largest and most prestigious rooms, come at a reasonable price! The Family suites and Terrace rooms all have their own private balconies, which look out onto the city below. If you are looking for the best start to your day, there is no better thing than their breakfast buffet. There are so many options your eyes might think to deceive you. Freshly made eggs, Mexican pastries, all kinds of fresh-made juices, sweets and meats and more!

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Colonia Roma / La Roma

Colonia Roma also called La Roma, (or simply Roma), is one of the trendiest neighbourhoods in Mexico City. The Colonia was designed as an upper-class neighbourhood in the early twentieth century. But after the 1985 Mexico City earthquake, the district quickly became a lower-class slum. No one seemed to want to take on its redevelopment right after the quake.

In the early 2000s, restaurant owners moved into the cheap rental units in the area. And slowly they began to revitalize the district. What these entrepreneurs found were some of the most architecturally stunning buildings in the city. Over the last 20 years, it has become once more one of the most upscale areas of the city. And with the best food found anywhere! If you’re a foodie, this needs to be your home base!

Walking around the neighbourhood in the daytime, you can admire the tranquil, ivy-draped historic homes. Browse the eclectic shops and art galleries. But with the setting of the sun, you’ll find the most unique nightlife. Be sure not to miss the traditional food vendors which pop up all over the streets at night. Their brightly painted signs and delicious-smelling food wafting all along the streets.

Sights Nearby: Goodbye Folk Vintage Boutique, Pushkin Garden, Cine Tonalá
Cafes/Restaurants: Lalo!, Taquería Álvaro Obregón, Mercado Roma, Panadería Rosetta

Best Hotel for the Avant Guard: Brick Hotel $$$

Brick Hotel is a fantastic example of how the Roma combines the Old World enchantment of Mexico city with fresh, contemporary energy. The Brick Hotel was originally a 20th-century mansion designed in the classic Belle Époque style. They transformed the rooms into an authentic and avant-garde boutique hotel with 17 ultra-stylish and modern rooms.

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Best Hotel for Oasis Living: Ignacia Guest House $$$

Ignacia Guest House is truly one of the best secrets hidden in Roma Norte. Under the purple blossoms of the Jacaranda tree lining the streets, you will be welcomed home. The house was originally an old 20th-century mansion that has been transformed into just six elegant suites. Since there are so few rooms, everyone who stays here feels like family.

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Each suite is designed in a different colour, blending history and Mexican artisan tradition with contemporary design. In fact, Ignacia Guest House has been internationally acclaimed for its interior design, architecture, and restoration. During the day, guests can abandon their daily routine and enjoy the historical details, gardens, and spaces. In the morning, they can have breakfast at the communal tables or in the garden under an orange tree. Book well in advance as the rooms are highly coveted by anyone in the know who visits Mexico City.

Coyoacan

Coyoacan is a southern suburb of Mexico City. It is known for its colourful historic center, which has preserved much of its colonial-era architecture. The district was an independent Aztec town before the Spanish conquest in 1521. And being located away from the centre the neighbourhood remained largely undeveloped until the 20th century. There is a slowness to this part of town which I love. A restful atmosphere that contrasts the explosive energy of Mexico City’s business district. This is where I always come to relax. To make my way to their various parks and gardens to read or paint. Whiling away the sunny days under the umbrellas of chic cafes and fantastic restaurants.

This was also the neighbourhood where Frida Kahlo was born and died. It was also where she lived with her husband, Diego Rivera. Frida’s fingerprint is embedded into the essence of this part of town. And her colourful and creative personality is reflected on every street corner and plaza you visit.

Sights Nearby: Plaza Jardin Hidalgo, Coyoacan Market, Frida Kahlo Museum, Museo Casa de León Trotsky
Cafes/Restaurants: LOS AMANTES Café & Bistro, Cafe El Jarocho, Café Avellaneda, Mesón Antigua

Best Hotel for a Peaceful Getaway: Casa Jacinta Guest House $$

One of my favourite parts about staying in Coyaocan is that there aren’t any large hotels. Instead, you have a wide selection of fantastical Guest Houses to choose from. Steps away from the famous Café El Jarocho coffee shop is the Casa Jacinta Guest House. This old traditional house has 11 rooms of different sizes, a haven of serenity and beautiful traditional Mexican decoration. The ivy-covered balconies, brightly tiled bathrooms and peaceful gardens transport you to a bygone time. Book a room that opens up on the ground floor into the lush, green garden for an extra special treat. Stepping out to that view every morning is the best way to start your day.

Best Hotel for a Home away from Home: H21 Hospedaje Boutique $$

Just off of the central Plaza Jardin Hidalgo is the H21 Hospedaje Boutique Hotel. The house, now a hotel, was originally built in 1928. It was remodelled into a Mexican-contemporary style that will delight all those that pass through the doors. Their suites also feature a living room, sofa and kitchen. Making it the best place to stay for a longer vacation where you can truly feel at home. Venture out to the colourful Coyoacan Market and bring home some fresh fruits, veggies and meat. Try and test your hand at a home-cooked meal! If you don’t want to do any cooking on your vacation, book one of their terrace rooms. Here you can sit outside in your own private outdoor space sipping on michelada and mescals.

Polanco

Located in the northwest and above the Bosque de Chapultepec, Polanco is an upscale residential and business district. The leafy side streets are dotted with Spanish Colonial Revival mansions and luxe apartments. At the same time, the main drags are filled with luxury brands and upscale international restaurants. As it is one of the most expensive areas in the city, Polanco is also very safe. So this neighbourhood would be ideal for families planning to visit Mexico City. Be prepared to spend a pretty penny in this area! But for those looking for extravagance, you’ve come to the right place!

Sights Nearby: Xinú Perfumes, Parque Lincoln, Bosque de Chapultepec, Museo Nacional de Antropología
Cafes/Restaurants: Pujol, Dulce Patria, Rosa Negra, ENO, Boicot Café Polanco,

Best Hotel for Architecture Buffs: Camino Real Polanco Mexico $$

The Camino Real Polanco is a beautiful hotel/museum designed by renowned architect Ricardo Legorreta. The space opened its doors to the public on July 25th, 1968. When it opened it was famous for combining modern features with shapes clearly reminiscent of prehispanic pyramids. Elements from these merge together to create an architectural masterpiece! There is something so nostalgic about the 60’s decor, which is so atmospheric. Plus, as it is not a high-end luxury hotel, the rooms come at a reasonable price for the area! If you have a little more cash to spend, book one of the suites as the retro decor is incredible. The view out towards the best architectural features of the hotel is wonderfully highlighted.

Bets Hotel for Interior Design: Orchid House Polanco $$$

Nothing feels more like Mexican royalty than a stay at the Orchid House Polanco. The Orchid House provides visitors with the exquisite feeling of being at home with the comforts of a hotel. Hidden away inside a 100-year-old mansion, the hotel is filled with blue and coloured stained glass, antique barro floors hand-painted with images of Don Quijote and Shakespeare. There are also neoclassic mouldings and rich, traditional antique pink cantera stone. Each room is exquisitely designed and features textiles and handmade decorations from local artisan communities.

Areas to Avoid

Just as it’s important to discuss where to stay, it’s also important to know where to avoid. Remember, it’s never worth saving a bit of money if it puts you at any risk.

I hope this guide helps you find the perfect place to stay to make the most of your trip to Mexico City!

Happy Travels, Adventurer!

The post The Best Places to Stay in Mexico City, Neighbourhood Guide first appeared on The Creative Adventurer.

One of the best parts of Mexico City is its sheer size. While some people find this to be a downside, as it might feel overwhelming, I think it’s a huge plus! The various districts and neighbourhoods allow you to feel like you’re visiting a hundred different cities, all in one place. La Condesa is the peaceful botanical garden. Roma Norte is the hipster foodie quarter. Polanco is a luxury shoppers dream. Coyoacan is a bohemian wonderland. Last, but not least, the Historic Center (or Centro Historico) is the place where it all started! The streets in the Historic Center are brimming with ancient and colonial architecture. It is a place of discovery and authenticity. If you’ve never been to Mexico City before, you need to plan on spending at least one full day exploring this part of town.

Table Of Contents

1. Access
2. Start of the Walking Tour: Alameda Central
3. Palacio de Bellas Artes
4. Palacio Postal
5. Pastelería Ideal
6. Torre Latinoamericana
7. Avenue Francisco I. Madero
8. Casa de Los Azulejos
9. Sanborns
10. Church of San Francisco
11. Palacio de Iturbide
12. Taquería Tlaquepaque
13. Dulcería de Celaya 
14. Mexico City Cathedral Metropolitan
15. Templo Mayor Museum
16. Palacio Nacional
17. Zócalo
18. Gran Hotel Ciudad de México
19. Azul Historico

Access

The Historic District is bordered by the Zócalo to the east and the Paseo de la Reforma to the west. Insurgentes and Av. Juárez are located to the north and San Angel to the south. The best way to get around Mexico City (in my opinion) is by using Uber. Not only is Uber extremely safe, but you also don’t need to worry about getting ripped off. Fare are displayed upfront before confirming your ride. There is no fussing for cash either as you pay via a credit card stored on the app.

Rush hour traffic is REAL in Mexico City. Honestly, traffic is pretty dense throughout the entire day but it’s definitely worse before and after work hours. I would advise arriving at our starting location before 9 am. This ensures you don’t have to deal with too much of the rush hour traffic.

There is also a metro station located right near our first stop. If you prefer to take public transit, that is definitely an option as well. The Metro in Mexico City is SUPER cheap and surprisingly easy to navigate. However, it is also hectic and crowded. The safety of the Metro system gets a mixed reputation. For the most part, I generally recommend Uber to ensure you have the most stress-free experience possible. But if you decide to ride the metro just use all the safety tips below.

Be a Smart Traveller

• Don’t wear flashy jewellery or carry expensive handbags
• Keep your money in discreet, zipper pockets and don’t carry too much at one time
• Leave your passport in a safe at the hotel
• Stick to busy streets, well-lit streets
• Ensure your phone plan covers mobile data usage in Mexico. This is a lifesaver when it comes to calling a taxi or just using directions on google maps
• Avoid wandering around at night, instead, take a Uber from location to location
• Avoiding talking to strangers who approach you on the street. Often these are scammers either trying to distract you while they swipe your wallet or just sell you on something sketchy. Kindly just wave them off and continue walking on your way
• Someone strange won’t leave you alone? Walk inside a busy shop
• If you EVER feel unsafe, just call an Uber and you can get picked up and brought to somewhere familiar
• Skip the street taxis and use Uber or other car services instead to ensure a safe ride and reasonable price
• Avoid high-crime areas like Iztapalapa, Tepito, La Lagunia, La Merced, Doctores and Ciudad Neza
• I always carry a photocopy of my I.D. on me in case of emergencies
• Learn a bit of Spanish, goes a long way in many different scenarios

Start of the Walking Tour: Alameda Central

Start your tour as early as you can manage inside the green acres of Alameda Central. This incredible urban oasis is the largest and oldest public park in the Americas. Despite being flanked by busy streets on all sides, when you are wandering inside the gorgeous green canopy of the park’s forest, you feel completely at peace.

History of Alameda Park

The site where the park now stands was once the location of the ancient Aztec marketplace. Today, you’ll still find different vendors bringing out their food carts serving tourists and locals alike. I feel like that same marketplace energy still exists here, just in a slightly different form.

The name for the park comes from the Spanish word “álamo,” which means “poplar tree.” Hundreds of these álamo trees were planted in the garden in 1592. Viceroy Luis de Velasco II ordered the creations of a new public green space for the city’s residents during the start of his regime. He saw the popularity of public green spaces in Europe and wanted the same criteria for his new city.

While the eastern portion of the park was for leisurely promenades, the west end of the park held a more nefarious purpose. This western section was originally built during the Mexican Inquisition. It was known as the “Burning Place.” It was here that convicted witches and people accused of treason were publicly burned at the stake. While you don’t immediately think of Mexico as a place of witch trials, these inquisitions spread worldwide. When the inquisitions ended in 1770, the burning plaza was destroyed and transformed into an extension of the park.

Park Monuments

Like many of the amazing parks in Mexico City, they are more than just trees. The precisely paved pathways lead you around decorative fountains, beautiful statues and incredible monuments. It feels like wandering around an outdoor art gallery. Each of the five fantastical fountains found throughout the park was made in France and were inspired by Greco-Roman mythology.

One of the most important monuments is the “Hemiciclo de Benito Juárez.” This large semi-circle of eight towering marble columns with a central plinth is topped with a group of neoclassical statues. In the center is statesman Benito Juárez himself. Juárez was the 26th president of Mexico and, most importantly, the first president of Mexico who was of indigenous origin. On either side of him are two allegorical female statues representing the fatherland and law. On the pedestal he sits, you can see the inscription “Al benemerito Benito Juárez la Patria.” This translate into “To the meritorious Benito Juárez, the Homeland.”

Over the years, the park has been of such important significance to the people of the city. Most importantly, the park was immortalized by Mexican artist Diego Rivera in his famous work Sundays on the Alameda Central. The mural depicts famous people and events in the history of Mexico, all together in one giant vibrant mural. You can still see this mural in the Museo Mural Diego Rivera ocated in the west end of the park. We won’t be stopping in there today, but later in the tour, we will see hundreds of paintings by Rivera located in-situ where they were first painted.

Palacio de Bellas Artes

Right next door to Alameda Park is the fantastical Palacio de Bellas Artes. The Palacio is doubtlessly one of the most impressive buildings in the historic district. Inside, you can listen to international symphonies, watch emotional ballets, become entranced by the theatre, awe at opera and even hear literature performances. Being a hub for all these performance arts gives the building its nickname, “the Cathedral of Art in Mexico.” 

Architecture 

The Palacio de Bellas Artes’ original design was conceived by Italian architect Adamo Boari. Boari wanted to create an entirely metallic structure, like the modern skyscrapers popping up in America. He loved the neoclassical and art nouveau styles as well and wanted the facade to follow those principles.

Although Boari started work on it in 1904, the building wouldn’t be completed until 1934. Problems with the soil and political unrest all contributed to halting any real progress. The situation was so volatile that Boari ditched the project and fled back to Italy. Mexican-born architect Federico Mariscal took over construction. Mariscal altered much of the design. The most substantial was the abandonment of the steel exterior. Instead, Mariscal used more traditional materials such as stone and carrier marble. But stone and marble are heavy and contribute to the fact that the poor Palacio is sinking into the soft ground a little more every year.

The Facade

The design of the facade is heavily influenced by classical European styles. The images and references don’t have any connection to the Mexican people or their culture. Despite the fact that the new architect was Mexican, he couldn’t change much of the exterior’s plan as the materials had already been purchased. But when we step inside, we can see Mariscal’s real vision for his Palacio.

Walking up to the Palacio, you can see four statues of the pegasuses being ridden by the four muses with Apollo in tow. Initially, these statues used to sit on top of the building. Their weight contributed to the sinking of the building, so they were removed and placed on the ground in the gardens surrounding the Palacio.

Inside the portals on the ground floor are a series of Italian sculptures. Each one depicting various allegorical figures relating to emotions that theatre and art aims to invoke in the viewer. Harmony, pain, rage, happiness, peace and love are all featured here in their mortal form.

One of the most impressive features of the building is the rainbow-hued rooftop cupola. This brightly coloured feature feels so appropriately Mexican, as they embrace colour whenever they can. It stands in such contrast to the white marble exterior designed by the Italian.

Interior Design

When you walk inside (which you can do for free if you just want a peek into the lobby) you can see the powerful Art Deco style that Mariscal dreamt up. Crawling up the sides of the building are sprawling murals surrounded by prehispanic motifs. You can see serpent’s heads curling around the window arches. Mayan deities and their masks, face out on the vertical columns. Even the marble inside is starkly different from the exterior. This marble is a darker and has a red hue giving the interior a more colourful appearance.

On the second floor (if you take a guided tour) you can see the incredible murals painted by José Clemente Orozco, David Alfaro Siqueiros, Diego Rivera, Jorge González Camarena, Roberto Montenegro and Manuel Rodríguez Lozano. Outside the entrance to the amphitheatre are more bronze carvings of the Aztec and Mayan gods Tlaloc and Chaac (the gods of thunder and rain.)

Inside the auditorium, you can study the 200-foot Tiffany glass curtain designed by Mexican artist Gerardo Murillo aka “Dr. Atl.” The glass design represents the volcanos Popocatépetl and Iztaccíhuatl. Surrounding them are images of the Mexican landscape. But to me, it is the heavenly sky above the landscape that is the most powerful aspect of the piece. The opalescent blues shimmer like the rainbow as the light catches it.

Interior Tour

Everywhere you look in the interior, there are artful representations of the Mexican people, their values and cultural references. It is 100% mandatory to poke your head inside to really soak in the views for yourself. If you just want to peek inside, the cost is free, but you’ll only be able to explore the lobby. The price of admission to the entire building is $60mxn per person + $30mxn camera fee if you want to take pictures. Usually, the line-up to get inside is very long, so if you have your heart exploring the interior, the earlier you get here, the better.

Palacio Postal

Directly across the street from the Palacio de Bellas Artes, you can admire the exterior of the Palacio de Correos de México (Postal Palace of Mexico City.) While it might seem strange to visit a post office, this one is truly spectacular. The Postal Palace of Mexico City was designed when the post office became a separate government entity. They wanted to show off their power and created a building with a very eclectic style to make it really stand out! It blended Art Nouveau, Spanish Renaissance Revival, Spanish Rococo style, Elizabethan Gothic, Elizabethan Plateresque and Venetian Gothic Revival all together. The architect of this Frankenstein creation was none other than Adamo Boari, who designed the Palacio Belles Artes. While you’d think trying to blend that all those styles together would result in a mess, it is anything but!

Construction started in 1902, and the building was finished in 1907. Although five years might seem like a while these days, for such a massive undertaking in the early 1900s it seems almost too quick! The frame of the building was designed on a grid of steel beams. This modern inner structure is why the Post Office managed to withstand many of the earthquakes that destroyed other buildings in the area. Military engineer Gonzalo Garita y Frontera supervised the construction of the steel frame. It is perhaps for this reason that the structure is so sound.

Exterior

One of the most iconic parts of the building is the colour of the stone. The stone is called “chiluca,” which has a slightly translucent effect and is exceptionally light in colour. This allows the heavy ornamentation to be juxtaposed by the airy feeling of the stone. The chiluca stone was quarried from the local Tulpetlac mines. This gives the building a bit of local flare despite the overall European-inspired architectural elements.

Decorating the facade is a mixture of Elizabethan Gothic styles. This period in architecture was dominated by twisting columns, heraldic elements, flowery crests, stone cherubs holding scrolls, gargoyles, hundreds of arches and hundreds (if not thousands) of ornamental balls. Highly polished brass and iron dragons, hanging off the side of the building, shine in the sunlight as you walk along the exterior.

One of the interesting details of the building is the windows that look out onto the street. Take a closer look and you’ll see that the windows on each level are all different designs. Each of these unique window styles is set inside a familiar arch. This gives the facade a more cohesive appearance despite all the different things going on.

Interior

Stepping inside, you are immediately taken aback. Just like the exterior, the interior is awe-inducingly covered in ornamentation. Filigree cresting surrounds the entire building like a living piece of ivy, spreading out from every corner and growing out of control. The marble floors glimmer and shine. They are polished to the point of looking like a mirror, so they reflect the radiant bronze ironwork on the window frames and staircases.

The main staircase descends down from two different directions from a central landing. The stairwell is bathed in bright sunlight from the large leaded glass dome that caps the top of the building.

Facing the staircase are a series of shields that crown the finishes of the interior arcade. These shields represent the various countries that were part of the Universal Postal Union at the beginning of the 20th century. This building is so iconic to Mexico that it inspired the design for the “Department of Family Reunions” in the Pixar film Coco.

Pastelería Ideal

For the perfect breakfast, especially for those on a budget, head over to Pastelería Ideal. This bakery is one of the most popular shops in the district. In fact, you might have even seen their colossal blue and white boxes all over the city. Many coffee shops around town buy their sweets directly from this bakery. So come morning, delivery services speed thousands of pastries around town. The bakery was founded in 1927 and has been opened in this very spot ever since. They have since opened up three other locations, but this is the original. The building in which it is located was actually once a part of an old Franciscan monastery! You can still see details of the original walls of the De Profundis Room inside the upper floors of the bakery.

This bakery has everything from traditional Mexican bread and pastries, cakes and cookies to Parisian puff pastry, viennoiseries, and more! All of this is served up on huge platters towering with treats. Just grab a try and use the tongs provided to serve yourself up some pastries. Once you’re done piling up (they make great breakfast pastries, too), take your collection to the counter. There they will pack them up for you and give you a ticket to pay. After you’ve paid, they’ll deliver you your baked good, all perfectly wrapped up to go.

Torre Latinoamericana

At the end of Madero street is the great Torre Latinoamericana. This enormous skyscraper looks down over the Historic Center like its great protector. While the skyscraper might seem pretty modern for a stop on the “Historical” neighbourhood tour, the view you get from the top is really what makes visiting this place worthwhile. The Torre Latinoamericana stretches 166 meters (545 ft) up to the sky. The building was designed by some of the countries best engineers to ensure it could withstand the seismic activity that is prevalent in the area. It stood the test of time in 1985 when the building withstood the 8.1 magnitude earthquake that brought such immense damage to the rest of the Historic District.

The building opened to the public in 1956 as Mexico’s tallest building and remained as such until 1982. Back then, skyscrapers were really architectural miracles. The other historic buildings in the neighbourhood were immediately looked over by locals and visitors in favour of the steel and glass tower. Today, it almost feels like the opposite. Most of us live in steel forests and are clamouring to see more of the baroque stone structure of the past.

Observation Deck

You have the option to travel up the tower to experience the fantastic views all across Mexico City. The building’s 44th floor is home to a large open-air observation deck. On a clear day, you can see all across the city and even over to the snow-capped volcanoes of Iztaccíhuatl and Popocatépetl. From up above, you can really see how Mexico City is indeed located in a valley. Ticket to go up the tower cost 150 pesos (7 USD) per person.

Avenue Francisco I. Madero

Exit the tower and take a walk along the main pedestrian street Avenue Francisco I. Madero. While today the street is very touristy with many international chains dotting the shop fronts, there are still many historical buildings to see along the way. You just need to know where to look. The street is named after the great Francisco Ignacio Madero González. Madero was a Mexican revolutionary, writer, statesman and the 37th president of Mexico. Sadly, Madera was assassinated in 1913, only two years into his Presidency.

Casa de Los Azulejos

On the corner of Avenue Francisco I. Madero and Condesa, you’ll immediately be drawn to the blue and white tiles of the Casa de Los Azulejos or The House of Tiles. Madero Street was once the most highly sought-after real estate in Mexico City. The original residence was built for the wealthy Count of the Valle de Orizaba in the 16th century.

But the now-iconic colourful tiles weren’t added until 1737. After the Count’s death, the Countess decided to return from her home in Puebla to the capital city. Wanting to feel at home, she brought a large amount of the famous Puebla Talavera tiles with her. Puebla tiles were each handmade, and the sheer number of tiles on the facade was a way of showing off the family’s immense wealth, even after the Count’s death. It was a means of showing that Countess was still a power player and didn’t need her husband to run the show.

Talavera Tile

Talavera was a craft brought to Mexico by the Spanish. The Spanish established their workshop in Puebla in the 16th century. They chose Puebla as their industrial hub as it was an excellent location to nearby clay mines used to create the tiles. The colourful tiles were a popular feature inside monasteries and churches. Usually, only the most wealthy homes could afford to decorate their houses with them. While some Puebla tiles were painted with images of animals, birds and flowers, the most common variety contained simple geometric patterns.

Sanborns

Florid stone carvings decorated the windows, doorways and balconies around the rest of the building. Carved into the stones are French porcelain crowns to denote the status of the house as a royal of the residence. The Count’s family eventually sold off the property in the 20th century. It was purchased by Frank Sanborn and his brother Walter. It was there that they would open their first soda fountain shop and drugstore. They named it the ‘Sanborns American Pharmacy‘ and it opened in 1917. Sanborns transformed the residential interior open-air courtyard into a restaurant with a large stained-glass roof overhead. The customer could dine inside the inner courtyard and enjoy the gorgeous antique murals that cover the walls, remnants of the 17th century home.

One of the best places to get a great photo-op is along the tiled exterior is on Condesa Street. This less busy side street has tiles that stretch along the entire passage and provide an unobstructed view of the building. The food inside the restaurant isn’t anything to write home about but it is definitely worth going inside to take a look at the interior courtyard. Sanborn’s is still a small shop, so you can also go inside to buy yourself a little souvenir or bottle of water to give yourself an excuse to tour the interior.

Church of San Francisco

Further along the street, on your left, is the large stone archway and steps leading down into the Church of San Francisco. The Church of San Francisco or the Iglesia de San Francisco was the original headquarters of the Franciscan friars. When Cortez first came to Mexico City, this spot was where he found Moctezuma II’s royal zoo. After the colonization, the zoo destroyed and the land used to build the largest and most influential monasteries in Mexico City. Initially, the church and its monasteries spread out over 32,224 square meters! This would have taken up almost the entirety of the city block around the area.

Balvanera Chapel

Today, the only remnant of the original complex is this small church built in 1710. The reason for the steps down into the church is because, like the rest of Mexico City, the building is sinking. You can’t even walk in through the original entrance as that has been walled up. Today, the direct access to the church is through the Balvanera side Chapel. The chapel’s facade was given a facelift by Lorenzo Rodríguez, who also designed the front for the Metropolitan Cathedral’s Tabernacle.

Walking inside, the most impressive feature of the chapel is the sizeable gilded altarpiece dedicated to the Virgin of Guadalupe. Her faded image is placed in the center of the golden altar. Walking up a few steps into the central part of the church, you are greeted by another great gilded altarpiece. A few of the little elements inside that I love are the stained glass windows with the red cross in the center. Although they aren’t highly sophisticated, I love the very stark imagery of that repetitive red cross illuminating the clerestory.

While the chapel walls are relatively plain, hung to decorate the large expanses of stone are these vast paintings. These paintings depict scenes from the life of San Francisco de Assísi, for whom the church and the Franciscan order are named. Each one of the paintings highlights one of Saint Francisco’s greatest virtues. See if you can spot them all.

Palacio de Iturbide

Head back down to Madera street until you reach the Palacio de Iturbide, just before the Calle de Filomeno Mata. Surrounded on either side by modern buildings, this ancient structure really stands out. The Palace was built in 1779 as a wedding gift from Count of San Mateo Valparaíso to his daughter. Apparently, the Count was worried his daughter’s new husband was going to squander his daughter’s dowry. So instead, the Count built the house using the entirety of the dowry to ensure the new husband wouldn’t be able to lose it.

Agustín de Iturbide, the Mexican army general and politician, lived here during the Mexican War of Independence from Spain. And it was actually inside the Palace where he accepted the crown of the First Mexican Empire. Because of this seminal moment, the building earned the nickname the “Palace of Iturbide“. The building is made out of that iconically Mexican tezontle and cantera stone. The facade was designed in a high gothic style featuring organic and geometric motifs such as flowers, vines, leaves, and even a mermaid. On either side of the entrance are two graceful male figures that look almost as though they are holding up the balcony above.

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Taquería Tlaquepaque

If you’re looking for a cheaper alternative for lunch, make a quick detour over to Taquería Tlaquepaque. Taquería Tlaquepaque is your best budget option. This street taco establishment serves up plenty of options. But the very best one, in my opinion, is the tacos Al Pastor served with onions and pineapples atop a pile of roasted pork. Such a perfect sweet and salty combination.

Dulcería de Celaya 

Make a quick stop up the street at Dulcería de Celaya where you can grab yourself some delicious Mexican candies. Dulcería de Celaya is a tiny, old shop selling traditional Mexican candies and sweets since 1874. Walking into the shop, it feels like nothing has changed in over 100 years. When the family-run shop first started selling candy, it was made in a small, improvised factory using wooden shovels, copper saucepans and a minature oven. They could only produce so much per day, often only one tray of candy. But the sweets were so popular that they would sell out day after day. As the demand rose, they managed to expand their production to meet the needs of the city.

Even today, they produce candy in much the same way as it was made in the beginning, still out of that tiny kitchen. When you walk in the doors, the smell of fresh pineapples, strawberries, guavas and coconut fills the air. It’s intoxicating. The candy is very well priced, so even if you don’t’ recognize anything, just let the smells guide you and try whatever your eye is drawn to.

Mexico City Cathedral Metropolitan

The crowning glory of the Historic Center of Mexico City is the enormous Cathedral of the Assumption of the Most Blessed Virgin Mary into Heavens. The stone monument dominates the border of the huge Plaza del Zócalo. While its full name is “Cathedral of the Assumption of the Most Blessed Virgin Mary into Heavens,” it also goes by the much shorter nickname “Metropolitan Cathedral” or “Mexico City Cathedral.” The enormous church has stood here for over 400 years, being constructed from the literal bones (or stones) of the Templo Mayor.

The towering ornate church is considered one of the masterpieces of Mexican architecture and is Latin America’s largest and oldest cathedral. If you’re visiting Mexico City, you absolutely need to make a stop inside! Explore the interiors and wonder at the amazing monuments, chapels, architecture and incredible atmosphere found inside the Mexico City Cathedral. I have an entire guided tour of the Cathedral to help you better understand all the different aspects of its history and architecture. It’s pretty in-depth since I truly think it is one of the most spectacular places to visit. But if churches aren’t your thing (which I totally get), you can just poke your head inside and head back out to the Zocalo.

Templo Mayor Museum

Ancient Templo Mayor. Over the years, after many successful excavations and archeological digs, much of this historic site has been uncovered. It is now able to be viewed once more by the public inside the Templo Mayor Museum. The museum is definitely worth visiting as it displays some of the most significant treasures and relics of the great Aztec people. I would advise returning here on another day as a proper walk-through takes about 2-4 hours to explore. For our tour, the most exciting details of the ruins can be viewed from the street without going inside.

History of the Temple

The entire modern metropolis of Mexico City was built atop the ruins of the ancient Aztec city of Tenochtitlan. In the center of Tenochtitlan was the Templo Mayor, the city’s primary temple complex. The temple’s original name, in the native Nahuatl language, was Huēyi Teōcalli. According to legend, the temple was located where the god Huitzilopochtli gave the Mexican people the sign that they had reached the promised land. This sign was that iconic image of an eagle on a cactus with a snake in its mouth.

This great pyramidal temple was first built in 1325. Unlike Egyptian pyramids, which were primarily large tombs meant only for the Pharaohs, these pyramids were a big part of the life of the city. They were composed of four slopped terraces with secret passages inside. On the top of the pyramid was a flat platform where two temples were located. These were dedicated to Huitzilopochtli, god of war, and Tlaloc, god of rain and agriculture.

Inside the temple were the large idols of each god. They were made of amaranth seeds which was a traditional sculptural material in the pre-hispanic era. The seeds were stuck together with honey and even human blood to form the shape of the god. The blood was always given by willing human sacrifices as they wanted to donate a part of themselves to the god. These human sacrifices shocked Cortés when he first visited Tecnochiland. It was one of the events which added to his disdain of their beliefs and led him to think they were a “savage” culture.

The Discovery of the Temple

In 1521, after the invasion of the Spanish, the temple and the rest of the Aztec buildings were destroyed. The Spanish used the site as a spot for their new Cathedral. Hundreds of years past and many people completely forgot about it until it was nothing more than legend. But in 1978, when an electric company was undertaking some excavation work in the area, they discovered these incredible ruins underground. Back then, 19th-century colonial buildings covered the plot of land under which the ruins were hiding. The government of the time thankfully saw the importance of the archaeological site to be of far greater significance than the colonial buildings. They were demolished, and a massive undertaking began, working to uncover the ruins and preserving the treasure found within.

The parts of the temple we can see today are elements of the base of the pyramid and the slope upon which the rest of the pyramid would have travelled. Large sculptures of the gods jut out from the base of the temple. Still to this day, even after being buried underground, you can make out the bright colours that they were painted with when they were first created. These Aztec towns were a rainbow-hued metropolis and a sight to see to be sure.

Palacio Nacional

To finish off our tour of Diego Rivera’s mural, a visit to the Palacio Nacional (National Palace) is in order. The Palacio Nacional is an enormous museum with so much to see and do. But for our purposes, we are just entering to see the courtyard murals. Once we arrive at the Zocalo, we will speak a little bit more about the grand facade but for the time being, let’s go inside to get a look at the courtyard.

Entrance to the National Palace is free, although there is usually a long lineup to get inside. You need to leave a piece of ID with the guards at the door. Since the Palace is still home to the offices of the Mexican President, security is critical. They need to control the number of people and keep track of exactly who is inside. Entrance to the National Palace can be found on Moneda Street.

History of the Palace

The site of the building was once home to Moctezuma II’s Palace. His grand residence was built in 1521. When Cortés first visited the Palace, he described it as having a surprising array of riches. The walls were made of marble, and the facade contained a carved shield of Mexico’s iconic eagle with the snake in its claws. Inside, the building was very modern, with sanitary facilities, fountains, gardens, bedrooms with rich tapestries of rabbit fur and feathers. In addition to being a royal residence for the rulers of the Aztec city, it was also a meeting place for the elder tribe members. Here disputes and discussions would take place to ensure the wealth and happiness of their people.

Sadly, after the invasion by the Spanish, Cortés seized the residence from the Aztecs and used it as his own home. Passing it down to his son in later years. The Palace suffered a devastating fire in 1692 that destroyed much of the original structure. Many of the original stones that could be recovered were used in the reconstruction efforts. However, the design of the new Palace was a much different style. This one was styled in the Baroque fashion of the time. It seemed that over time, every generation added their own touch to the building. And now, it looks more like a patchwork quilt of the ages. 

History of Mexico Mural

Walking inside the National Palace, follow the signs for the ‘History of Mexico Murals.’ These can be found within the great courtyard, surrounded by Baroque arches. Walk up to the main stairwell, where you’ll immediately be struck by this immense masterpiece. The mural depicts the history of Mexico from the dawn of human existence through to the 1920s. Rivera started work on this mural in 1929, many years after his first mural project. The precision and confidence in his technical skills and expressive style are evident in this work of art. Rivera was decisive in using his art to communicate his ideologies about communism and the decisive rejection of the colonizers. He wanted to bring the crimes of the part clearly into the people’s minds to ensure these atrocities were never forgotten.

The main message of the mural surrounds the indigenous Mexican people’s struggles to preserve their culture, National identity and country against the brutal colonizers. Standing at the base of the stairwell, take a minute to appreciate the sheer grandeur of the entire piece. So much of the story is a sad one—a classic tale of good vs. evil. The goodly indigenous Mexicans had one of the most vibrant cultures. Yet, they were practically wiped out by the evil, invading Europeans.

If you squint and look at the entire piece as a whole, the bright colours and expressive shapes look powerful, hopeful and strong, just like the Mexican people. Despite the horrors of the past, the post-revolution population believed in the future of their country. Especially as it became an independent nation. And that their strength and perseverance over the years was what would conquer evil and allow their great country to prosper.

Aztec Hsitory

Walk up the stairs to the landing in the center, and look up at the left side, or North Wall. This part of the mural depicts the indigenous Mexican’s long before the arrival of the Spaniards. They are surrounded by the fantastical Mexican landscape all around them. The blue is almost heavenly above—the large bright sunshine above, casting all of them in celestial light. The Aztecs believed in the sun god, as can be seen in the all-seeing eyes painted onto the sun’s face. Just below the sun, you can also see an erupting volcano with Xiuhtecuhtli‘s “the Lord of Fire” exploding from the mouth of the volcano. In the sky flies Quetzalcoatl, the Feathered Serpent deity and god of the wind and the rain.

Lower Level Depictions

The lower part of the mural is riddled with images of Mexicans fighting against the heavily armoured calvary of the Spanish and French attackers. The beautiful and bright feathered costumes of the Aztec leaders, crushed and fallen under the feet of their enemies. Cortez himself can be seen in the middle of the painting. He is the only mounted soldier with his face exposed. The rest of the attacker’s helmets are closed. But Rivera paints Cortez with his helmet raised so his actions are not anonymous.

Cortez’s armies have modern weaponry making their defeat of the Aztecs a foregone conclusion. Despite them being outgunned and outnumbered, the Aztecs fought valiantly against the Spanish as seen on the right and let corners. All the while, the Aztecs are being watched over by a great golden eagle in the center. The eagle sits perched atop a cactus with a serpent in its mouth. The design of this symbol is rooted in the legend that the Aztec people would build their great city in the spot where they found an eagle eating a snake on top of a cactus. They called that place Tenochtitlan (Mexico City), and to them, it was worth fighting for.

South Wall

The south wall to the left of the main stairwell depicts the future of the Mexican people. The imagery represents the ideals of progress, prosperity and hope for a better future. At the top of the mural is the image of Karl Marx holding his great Communist Manifesto on a large scroll. To the right of this is a man flying the Soviet flag. When the mural was painted, the Mexican people and Rivera himself had solid socialist tendencies and the Soviet flag can be seen throughout imagery from this era.

To the right of Karl is a scene of Mexican workers. They are being attacked and oppressed by a group of police wearing large gas masks. This scene takes place in front of the silhouette of Mexico City’s skyline. While the other two murals are more fluid in their collage-like design, this mural is framed in harsh geometric, metal beams. Inside these almost cage-looking rectangles are pictorial representations of what Rivera saw as negatives social forces in high society. 

At the bottom of the painting, is the image of a woman dressed in bright red. Look closely at her face to see if you can recognize the model. It is none other than his wife, Frida Kahlo. Frida holds in her hands a copy of the Marxist manifesto and is engaged in a political rally. Very similar to her real-life political activism. Above her is another similar-looking woman. This is Frida’s sister Cristina, with whom Rivera had an affair during his marriage to Frida.

Zócalo

Across the Cathedral is the huge public square, called the Zócalo or Plaza de la Constitución. Every great city has got to have their triumphant main square. Whether it’s St Mark’s in Venice or the Red Square in Russia, you need to have a large central meeting place for your citizens and annual celebrations. The word “Zócalo” means “plinth” or “base.” When the square was first built, there was plans for a large monument to be installed in the center. But only the plinth was ever built. So it began to go by that nickname. The nickname Zocalo caught on for all future public squares around Mexico. Despite them having no connection to an actual plinth on-site they still adopted the name.

The Aztec Zocalo

Before the Spanish conquest, the square was used by the Aztec people just as they use it today. As an open space for the people. Back then it was surrounded by Moctezuma II’s Palace to the east and the great Templo Mayor to the north. It sat in the center of what was when the intersection of all the roads that met in the middle of Tenochtitlan.

The Spanish Zocalo

Shortly after the invasion in 1521, the Spanish immediately went about transforming the area around the square. But for the most part, they left the Zocalo much unchanged as open-air squares were already famous in Europe and a necessity for big cities. Over the years, market stalls began to pop up around the square. Although I think the idea of a colossal square bustling with vendors sounds exciting, historian Francisco Sedano thought the spectacle was ugly and unsightly. He claimed it was, “very difficult to walk around here at the time because of its uneven pavement, mud in the rainy season, aggressive street dogs, mounds of trash and human excrement tossed among the corn husks and other discarded wrappings.“

Insisting the “unsightly” local vendors should be removed, the government installed a “Parián” in the southwest part of the square. The Parián was a small, stone warehouse where international products, brought in through trade, were sold. This new warehouse meant that local produce and crafts were pushed by the wayside in exchange for foreign products that outweighed the importance of the indigenous Mexican economy. During the Mexican Wars of Independence, the Parián was seen as another symbol of the colonizers. It was target #1 and destroyed during a large riot in 1828.

Celebrations, Rallies and Riots

As the square sits right in front of local government building, it is a popular spot for protests and rallies. But it is equally a place for expression and celebration. Festival de México is an annual event with programs dedicated to Mexican art held in the Zócalo. During the Day of the Dead celebrations, this square becomes filled with orange decorations, colourful floats, music stages, and more!

Grito de Dolores

Walk over to the east side of the square to look up at the facade of the Palacio National, which flanks this side of the square. It is here, every year on September 16th, better known as Independence Day, that celebrations start in Mexico City begin. Since 1821, the President of Mexico will walk out onto the balcony on the National Palace facing the square filled with crowds of people.

Once outside, he will ring the bell, which hangs in a small niche above the doorway. This bell once marked the first call to arms during the Mexican War for Independence and it still serves as a call to the people today. The president will then shout out to the people in the square, “Viva Mexico!” A cry echoed throughout the jam-packed Zocalo. This is called the “Grito de Dolores” or”the Cry of Dolores”. While it was once a rallying cry for the end of Spanish rule, today it is a cry for racial equality and the redistribution of indigenous land.

The niche above the bell is topped by a great carving of the Mexican Coat of arms. The niche is flanked on either side by images of an Aztec eagle knight and his Spanish counterpart. Symbols of the ruling dynasties which once occupied the Palacio.

Gran Hotel Ciudad de México

Find your way to 16 de Septiembre Street and walk along, past a few shops, until you find the entrance to Gran Hotel Ciudad de México. Although I don’t generally recommend staying in the Historical Center (mainly because it feels more like staying inside the tourist hub), if you have your heart set on this area of town, THIS is the hotel you MUST choose. The rooms are pretty standard, but you get to stay in this gorgeous piece of history. If you get a room with a view out to the Zocalo, you can’t beat it for people-watching opportunities. The rates are shockingly affordable, so it’s well worth checking out.

While the hotel is adjoined to the larger Old Portal de Mercaderes building, its facade is unique to its location along Septiembre street. The high neoclassical style was preserved along with their iconic green wrought-iron balconies. The origins of the building date back to 1526. Back then, the building was constructed as a residence for the Royal Accountant, Rodrigo de Albornoz. It passed hands a few times through the ages, and in 1895, it was purchased by Frenchman Sebastian Robert. Robert’s had the idea to modernized Mexico City’s shopping scene and built its first large-scale department store right here in 1899. 

Centro Mercantil

In this modern department store, named the ‘Centro Mercantil,’ wealthy aristocrats could come and buy everything in one convenient location. Everything from luxurious fabrics, custom hats, expensive jewelry or imported perfumes. The European trend of “high tea” was also brought to Mexico City around this time. Visitors to the Centro Mercantil could enjoy this new trend right there in the opulent lobby cafe. The creme-de-la-cream of Mexico City would be seen walking through the doors, everyone from writers to composers, poets and of course, politicians. It was the who’s who of high society.

Back then, shopping malls weren’t the characterless places they are today. Back then, to draw in affluent customers, department store were lavishly decorated works of art. Robert’s designed the interior in the fashionable Art Nouveau style. Walking inside is like walking into a jewellery box. Hanging above your head as you walk up the stairs is the enormous Louis XV-style chandelier. Its crystals gently tinkling in the wind from the open doorways.

On either side of you, as you emerge from the staircase into the foyer, are two ornate gold canary cages decorated with brightly coloured flowers. But they aren’t just for display, they still hold canaries to this day. Standing in the center of the lobby is the cage-like elevator. This was the first panoramic elevator ever installed in Mexico.

Tiffany Glass Dome

The room absolutely beams with light descending down from the incredible stained-glass dome towering above you. The ceiling was designed by French artisan Jacques Grüber using the illusive Tiffany glass. This is actually one of the four largest Tiffany glass pieces which remain anywhere in the world! Over 20,000 pieces of vibrantly tinted glass were made to create this masterpiece.

Interior

The beautiful wrought-iron railings on the first three floors swell around the lobby like a wave. The use of iron to create the room’s structure was called “Chicago style.” The Centro Mercantil was the first building in Latin American to use the technique. These undulating designs were a replica of the ones inside the famous Au Bon Marché department store in Paris. Au Bon Marché is now lost to time, so the fact we can still see a piece of it today, preserved in this architecture is a real treat. Along the railings, you’ll see the monogram “CM” and “SR” repeated. The “SR” stands for Sebastian Robert, the store owner and the “CM” of course stands for the “Centro Mercantil.”

Conversion to Hotel

The Centro Mercantil officially closed its doors in 1958. It wasn’t converted into a hotel until 1968. 1968 was one of the most famous eras in Mexico City’s modern history when the Summer Olympics came to the country. The Olympics meant thousands of new visitors to the city. To accommodate the crowds, more hotels needed to be built. These hotels were meant to create a positive impression on the international tourists. The city went about finding artful and iconic buildings that could be converted to wow the visiting athletes.

Azul Historico

But my all-time favourite option has got to be Azul Historico. It’s an upscale option but still super reasonably priced considering the quality of the food and the beautiful ambiance. The restaurant is located inside a gorgeous open-air colonial courtyard. You sit amongst the trees while dining on authentic and yet modern Mexican cuisine. The presentation and service is absolutely unparalleled and eating here feels like such a visually sensation experience.

The entire menu is fantastic but one of my favourite hidden gems, that many people might not realize or skip over, is their hot chocolate. Hot chocolate originated in Mexico so ordering it here feels like getting to try the most authentic version of the drink. If you order a hot chocolate, they’ll bring the hot chocolate cart to your table. There, a waiter mixes up your personalized drink. Almost like ordering a fancy cocktail. You get to choose the type of chocolate and even some additives. Then they use these traditional wooden mixers to serve up the cup of warm cocoa right there in front of you! Just one more example of their stupendous service! You really must make it out here!

Mexico City’s Historic Centre is a must-see destination for anyone visiting the city. It has so much significance with regard to the history of Mexico. It’s one of the most exciting areas to visit and the museums provide a dozen more reasons to come back! I hope you enjoyed our very thorough tour, time to head home, put your feet up and enjoy a cold Cerveza!

Happy Travels, Adventurers!

The post The BEST FREE Guide to Mexico City Historic Centre Highlights first appeared on The Creative Adventurer.

One of the best parts of Mexico City is its sheer size. While some people find this to be a downside, as it might feel overwhelming, I think it’s a huge plus! The various districts and neighbourhoods allow you to feel like you’re visiting a hundred different cities, all in one place. La Condesa is the peaceful botanical garden, Roma Norte is the hipster foodie quarter, Polanco is a luxury shoppers dream, Coyoacan is a bohemian wonderland and last, but not least, the Historic Center (Centro Historico) is the place where it all started! The streets in the Historic Center are brimming with ancient and colonial architecture. It is a place of discovery and authenticity. If you’ve never been to Mexico City before, you need to plan on spending at least one full day exploring this part of town.

Notes About This Guide

I go into lots of details about the different stops on our tour. Use the handy-dandy table of contents to jump to any particular area of interest if you want to skip or only visit some of the locations on this guided walk.

Table Of Contents

1. History of the Aztec city of Tenochtitlan
2. How Long is this Tour?
3. Access
4. Map of Walking Tour
5. Alameda Central
6. Palacio de Bellas Artes
7. Metro Belles Artes
8. Palacio de Correos de México
9. Museo Nacional De Arte (MUNAL)
10. Cafe De Tacuba
11. Plaza de Santo Domingo
12. Old Customs Buildings
13. Palace of the Inquisition
14. Santo Domingo
15. Street Names in Mexico City
16. Secretariat of Public Education Main Headquarters
17. Palacio Nacional
18. West Side, Main Wall 
19. La Casa de las Sirenas
20. Templo Mayor Museum
21. History of the Temple
22. Mexico City Cathedral Metropolitan
23. Zócalo
24. The Old Government Buildings
25. Old Portal de Mercaderes
26. Gran Hotel Ciudad de México
27. Avenue Francisco I. Madero
28. Templo de San Felipe Neri La Profesa
29. Dulcería de Celaya 
30. Palacio de Iturbide
31. Church of San Francisco
32. Casa de Los Azulejos
33. Torre Latinoamericana
34. La Opera Bar
35. Azul Historico
36. Pastelería Ideal

History of the Aztec city of Tenochtitlan

For centuries, the Historic Centre has been the beating heart of Mexico City. It was here, in this area, where the ancient Aztec city of Tenochtitlan once stood. The Aztecs of Tenochtitlan were incredible builders and city planners. They laid out the town in orderly streets, separated into four quarters. In between the streets were great canals that helped water and fertilizer their rich fields and crops. The roads and canal all meet at the grand Templo Mayor in the centre of the city. Inside the temple was the Palace of the Tlatoani (the Aztec emperor). Inside the temple, there was a large school called the Telpuchcalli which was used for secular studies, and a Calmecac that was used for priestly training.

Sadly, the beautiful ancient city of Tenochtitlan was destroyed with the arrival of the Spanish in 1519. They defeated the Aztecs and stole their land. The Spaniards tore down many of their temples and buildings and renamed the streets with Christain prefixes. In addition to the destruction of the city was the removal of their ingenious canal system. Little did the Spanish know, the removal of this modern method of bringing fresh water into the city would result in severe water shortages in the big city. A problem they are still struggling with to this very day! When the Spanish destroyed the Aztec city, they re-used many of the original stones to construct their colonial structures. So pay close attention as you walk; you never know where hidden ancient stones are ready to be found!

Modern History

Today the Historical Centre is spread across nine square km, occupies 668 blocks and contains over 9000 buildings! 1,550 of which have been declared of historical importance. Many of these historic buildings were constructed between the 16th and 20th centuries by the wealthy Spaniards. After a devastating earthquake in 1985, the historic district fell into disrepair. It suffered from overcrowding and pollution and was not an area that many people lauded as worth visiting.

In the 1980s Mexico City’s downtown district, with its modern towering steel architecture, was the big draw. No one had time back then for history, they sought after the future. But with the nostalgia creep of the 2000s, the Fundación Centro Histórico was founded to restore this area to its former glory. The foundation wanted to bring tourists back to the area to appreciate the beauty of these buildings and restore what Aztec history they could. A massive restoration went underway to fix the damage done by the earthquake, and more police presence was brought in to ensure safety for all visitors. Today, the area is back to its position as the central spot for visitors to this great city. Just as it was in the earliest days of its inception.

Notes on Safety

I’ve heard it all before, “But isn’t Mexico City so dangerous?! Aren’t there drug cartels everywhere?!” Honestly, I never felt unsafe when I was there, and I’ve visited multiple times. Mexico City is aware of its reputation. And despite the fact perhaps this reputation is more due to the bad press than actual tourist crime, the government has made great strides in increasing police presence. Especially in tourist areas to ensure that people feel as safe as possible.

In the end, it’s a big city, like any other big city around the world. Standard travel security practices are always encouraged. I would recommend the exact same thing whether you’re visiting Mexico City or Barcelona. And honestly, in Barcelona, I witnessed multiple pickpocketing attempts and one person I knew who had their wallet and passport stolen. In contrast, in Mexico City – I never had anything happen. Does that mean it won’t? Of course not, but I don’t think it deserve this reputation it has.

Be a Smart Traveller

• Don’t wear flashy jewellery or carry expensive handbags
• Keep your money in discreet, zipper pockets and don’t carry too much at one time
• Leave your passport in a safe at the hotel
• Stick to busy streets, well-lit streets
• Ensure your phone plan covers mobile data usage in Mexico. This is a lifesaver when it comes to calling a taxi or just using directions on google maps
• Avoid wandering around at night, instead, take a Uber from location to location
• Avoiding talking to strangers who approach you on the street. Often these are scammers either trying to distract you while they swipe your wallet or just sell you on something sketchy. Kindly just wave them off and continue walking on your way
• Someone strange won’t leave you alone? Walk inside a busy shop
• If you EVER feel unsafe, just call an Uber and you can get picked up and brought to somewhere familiar
• Skip the street taxis and use Uber or other car services instead to ensure a safe ride and reasonable price
• Avoid high-crime areas like Iztapalapa, Tepito, La Lagunia, La Merced, Doctores and Ciudad Neza
• I always carry a photocopy of my I.D. on me in case of emergencies
• Learn a bit of Spanish, goes a long way in many different scenarios

How Long is this Tour?

I would recommend spending an entire day here in the Historic Center. There is SO much to see and do. You could quickly return later to further explore the different art galleries and museums found here as well. And trust me, you’ll probably want to return for the food as well. So don’t worry if something is closed or if you don’t have the time to finish the entire tour. Missing out is just a good excuse to come back!

Access

The Historic District is bordered by the Zócalo to the east, the Paseo de la Reforma to the west, Insurgentes and Av. Juárez to the north and San Angel to the south. The best way to get around Mexico City (in my opinion) is by using Uber. Not only is Uber extremely safe, but you also don’t need to worry about getting ripped off. Fare are displayed upfront before confirming your ride. There is no fussing for cash either as you pay via a credit card stored on the app.

Rush hour traffic is REAL in Mexico City. Honestly, traffic is pretty dense throughout the entire day but it’s definitely worse before and after work hours. I would advise arriving at our starting location before 9 am to ensure you don’t have to deal with too much of the rush hour traffic.

There is also a metro station located right near our first stop. If you prefer to take public transit, that is definitely an option as well. The Metro in Mexico City is SUPER cheap and surprisingly easy to navigate. However, it is also hectic and crowded. The safety of the Metro system gets a mixed reputation. For the most part, I generally recommend Uber to ensure you have the most stress-free experience possible but if you decide to ride the metro just use all the safety tips listed above.

Map of Walking Tour

Alameda Central

Start your tour as early as you can manage inside the green acres of Alameda Central. This incredible urban oasis is the largest and oldest public park in the Americas. Despite being flanked by busy streets on all sides, when you are wandering inside the gorgeous green canopy of the park’s forest, you feel completely at peace.

History of Alameda Park

The site where the park now stands was once the location of the ancient Aztec marketplace. Today, you’ll still find different vendors bringing out their food carts serving tourists and locals alike. I feel like that same marketplace energy still exists here, just in a slightly different form.

The name for the park comes from the Spanish word “álamo,” which means “poplar tree.” Hundreds of these álamo trees were planted in the garden in 1592. Viceroy Luis de Velasco II ordered the creations of a new public green space for the city’s residents during the start of his regime. He saw the popularity of public green spaces in Europe and wanted the same criteria for his new city.

While the eastern portion of the park was for leisurely promenades, the west end of the park held a more nefarious purpose. This western section was originally built during the Mexican Inquisition. It was known as the “Burning Place.” It was here that convicted witches and people accused of treason were publicly burned at the stake. While you don’t immediately think of Mexico as a place of witch trials, these inquisitions spread worldwide. When the inquisitions ended in 1770, the burning plaza was destroyed and transformed into an extension of the park.

Park Monuments

Like many of the amazing parks in Mexico City, they are more than just trees. The precisely paved pathways lead you around decorative fountains, beautiful statues and incredible monuments. It feels like wandering around an outdoor art gallery. Each of the five fantastical fountains found throughout the park was made in France and were inspired by Greco-Roman mythology.

One of the most important monuments is the “Hemiciclo de Benito Juárez.” This large semi-circle of eight towering marble columns with a central plinth is topped with a group of neoclassical statues. In the center is statesman Benito Juárez himself. Juárez was the 26th president of Mexico and, most importantly, the first president of Mexico who was of indigenous origin. On either side of him are two allegorical female statues representing the fatherland and law. On the pedestal he sits, you can see the inscription “Al benemerito Benito Juárez la Patria.” This translate into “To the meritorious Benito Juárez, the Homeland.”

Over the years, the park has been of such important significance to the people of the city. Most importantly, the park was immortalized by Mexican artist Diego Rivera in his famous work Sundays on the Alameda Central. The mural depicts famous people and events in the history of Mexico, all together in one giant vibrant mural. You can still see this mural in the Museo Mural Diego Rivera located in the west end of the park. We won’t be stopping in there today, but later in the tour, we will see hundreds of paintings by Rivera located in-situ where they were first painted.

Palacio de Bellas Artes

Right next door to Alameda Park is the fantastical Palacio de Bellas Artes. The Palacio is doubtlessly one of the most impressive buildings in the historic district. Inside, you can listen to international symphonies, watch emotional ballets, become entranced by the theatre, awe at opera and even hear literature performances. Being a hub for all these performance arts gives the building its nickname, “the Cathedral of Art in Mexico.” 

Architecture 

The Palacio de Bellas Artes’ original design was conceived by Italian architect Adamo Boari. Boari wanted to create an entirely metallic structure, like the modern skyscrapers popping up in America. He loved the neoclassical and art nouveau styles as well and wanted the facade to follow those principles.

Although Boari started work on it in 1904, the building wouldn’t be completed until 1934. Problems with the soil and political unrest all contributed to halting any real progress. The situation was so volatile that Boari ditched the project and fled back to Italy. Mexican-born architect Federico Mariscal took over construction. Mariscal altered much of the design. The most substantial was the abandonment of the steel exterior. Instead, Mariscal used more traditional materials such as stone and carrier marble. But stone and marble are heavy and contribute to the fact that the poor Palacio is sinking into the soft ground a little more every year.

The Facade

The design of the facade is heavily influenced by classical European styles. The images and references don’t have any connection to the Mexican people or their culture. Despite the fact that the new architect was Mexican, he couldn’t change much of the exterior’s plan as the materials had already been purchased. But when we step inside, we can see Mariscal’s real vision for his Palacio.

Walking up to the Palacio, you can see four statues of the pegasuses being ridden by the four muses with Apollo in tow. Initially, these statues used to sit on top of the building. Their weight contributed to the sinking of the building, so they were removed and placed on the ground in the gardens surrounding the Palacio.

Inside the portals on the ground floor are a series of Italian sculptures. Each one depicting various allegorical figures relating to emotions that theatre and art aims to invoke in the viewer. Harmony, pain, rage, happiness, peace and love are all featured here in their mortal form.

One of the most impressive features of the building is the rainbow-hued rooftop cupola. This brightly coloured feature feels so appropriately Mexican, as they embrace colour whenever they can. It stands in such contrast to the white marble exterior designed by the Italian.

Interior Design

When you walk inside (which you can do for free if you just want a peek into the lobby) you can see the powerful Art Deco style that Mariscal dreamt up. Crawling up the sides of the building are sprawling murals surrounded by prehispanic motifs. You can see serpent’s heads curling around the window arches. Mayan deities and their masks, face out on the vertical columns. Even the marble inside is starkly different from the exterior. This marble is a darker and has a red hue giving the interior a more colourful appearance.

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Interior Murals

On the second floor (if you take a guided tour) you can see the incredible murals painted by José Clemente Orozco, David Alfaro Siqueiros, Diego Rivera, Jorge González Camarena, Roberto Montenegro and Manuel Rodríguez Lozano. Outside the entrance to the amphitheatre are more bronze carvings of the Aztec and Mayan gods Tlaloc and Chaac (the gods of thunder and rain.)

Inside the auditorium, you can study the 200-foot Tiffany glass curtain designed by Mexican artist Gerardo Murillo aka “Dr. Atl.” The glass design represents the volcanos Popocatépetl and Iztaccíhuatl. Surrounding them are images of the Mexican landscape. But to me, it is the heavenly sky above the landscape that is the most powerful aspect of the piece. The opalescent blues shimmer like the rainbow as the light catches it.

Interior Tour

Everywhere you look in the interior, there are artful representations of the Mexican people, their values and cultural references. It is 100% mandatory to poke your head inside to really soak in the views for yourself. If you just want to peek inside, the cost is free, but you’ll only be able to explore the lobby. The price of admission to the entire building is $60mxn per person + $30mxn camera fee if you want to take pictures. Usually, the line-up to get inside is very long, so if you have your heart exploring the interior, the earlier you get here, the better.

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Metro Belles Artes

Walk north along the Belles Artes building, parallel to the busy Eje Central Lázaro Cárdenas. Walk until you reach the Belles Artes Metro station. Although we aren’t travelling on the Metro, this iconic Parisian station entrance is a must-see. The entrance arch was actually a gift from Paris’ Metro designed by French architect Hector Guimard. The French President Jacques Chirac gave it to Mexico City in 1998 in exchange for a Wixárika fresco, El pensamiento y el alma huicholes by artist Santos de la Torre. Today you can see this mural on display in the Palais Royal-Musée du Louvre Metro station in Paris.

Palacio de Correos de México

Walk back down to the Calle de Tacuba to admire the exterior of the Palacio de Correos de México (Postal Palace of Mexico City.) While it might seem strange to visit a post office, this one is truly spectacular. The Postal Palace of Mexico City was designed when the post office became a separate government entity. They wanted to show off their power and created a building with a very eclectic style to make it really stand out! It blended Art Nouveau, Spanish Renaissance Revival, Spanish Rococo style, Elizabethan Gothic, Elizabethan Plateresque and Venetian Gothic Revival all together. The architect of this Frankenstein creation was none other than Adamo Boari, who designed the Palacio Belles Artes. While you’d think trying to blend that all those styles together would result in a mess, it is anything but!

Construction started in 1902, and the building was finished in 1907. Although five years might seem like a while these days, for such a massive undertaking in the early 1900s it seems almost too quick! The frame of the building was designed on a grid of steel beams. This modern inner structure is why the Post Office managed to withstand many of the earthquakes that destroyed other buildings in the area. Military engineer Gonzalo Garita y Frontera supervised the construction of the steel frame. It is perhaps for this reason that the structure is so sound.

Exterior

One of the most iconic parts of the building is the colour of the stone. The stone is called “chiluca,” which has a slightly translucent effect and is exceptionally light in colour. This allows the heavy ornamentation to be juxtaposed by the airy feeling of the stone. The chiluca stone was quarried from the local Tulpetlac mines. This gives the building a bit of local flare despite the overall European-inspired architectural elements.

Decorating the facade is a mixture of Elizabethan Gothic styles. This period in architecture was dominated by twisting columns, heraldic elements, flowery crests, stone cherubs holding scrolls, gargoyles, hundreds of arches and hundreds (if not thousands) of ornamental balls. Highly polished brass and iron dragons, hanging off the side of the building, shine in the sunlight as you walk along the exterior.

One of the interesting details of the building is the windows that look out onto the street. Take a closer look and you’ll see that the windows on each level are all different designs. Each of these unique window styles is set inside a familiar arch. This gives the facade a more cohesive appearance despite all the different things going on.

Interior

Stepping inside, you are immediately taken aback. Just like the exterior, the interior is awe-inducingly covered in ornamentation. Filigree cresting surrounds the entire building like a living piece of ivy, spreading out from every corner and growing out of control. The marble floors glimmer and shine. They are polished to the point of looking like a mirror, so they reflect the radiant bronze ironwork on the window frames and staircases.

The main staircase descends down from two different directions from a central landing. The stairwell is bathed in bright sunlight from the large leaded glass dome that caps the top of the building.

Facing the staircase are a series of shields that crown the finishes of the interior arcade. These shields represent the various countries that were part of the Universal Postal Union at the beginning of the 20th century. This building is so iconic to Mexico that it inspired the design for the “Department of Family Reunions” in the Pixar film Coco.

Museo Nacional De Arte (MUNAL)

Back on Calle de Tacuba, opposite the Post Office admire the grandiose Museo Nacional De Arte. This museum is worth a visit if you have a little bit more time, but for our purposes today, we are just passing by. This building is a real sight to see. It is one of the most impressive neoclassical buildings in Mexico City, built in the 20th century. The building was initially used as the old Palace of Communications. It was designed to house the Secretariat of Communications and Public Works. Mexico City wanted to show the rest of the world that they were a modern city, and one of the best ways to do this was to building yourself a world-class museum. Today museum houses Mexican artworks from the late prehispanic era to the early 20th century.

Cafe De Tacuba

Continue walking along Calle de Tacuba until you reach the burgundy painted exterior of the Cafe de Tacuba. You most likely will be able to spot this place from afar because it almost always has a line! It’s the perfect spot to grab some breakfast or brunch as the line isn’t AS long in the morning. Café de Tacuba has been a hot spot here in the Historic District since 1912. The restaurant gained real notoriety in 1922 when Diego Rivera held his wedding reception to novelist Guadalupe Marín here. Rivera would divorce Marín and marry one of the most famous Mexican artists, Frida Khalo. Another notable event that took place here was the assassination of the local governor of Veracruz, Manlio Fabio Altamirano Flores. You might think such an event would put people off but it only increased the draw.

But it’s not just the history that brings people here. Aside from the amazing food, is the incredible interior design. The interior is covered in fantastical paintings from the pre-hispanic period. Vibrant mosaics and stained glass windows encircling the space make you feel like dining inside a museum. The entire menu here is based on classical dishes. Some of the best breakfast items include chicken tamales with green sauce, enchiladas Tacuba, Puebla style Garnacha, and hotcakes with honey.

Plaza de Santo Domingo

After filling up on breakfast, continue walking east and turn north up the República de Brasil. At the corner of the República de Cuba and the República de Brazil is the Plaza de Santo Domingo.The name of the plaza comes from its location right beside the church of the same name.

The land in the Santo Domingo Plaza was given to Captain Don Cristobal de Oñate, Gonzalo de Salazar and the Marquis of Villamayor after Mexico was conquered by the Spanish. These men all built their large, luxurious residences around this square. They wanted their homes to be in close proximity to the nearby customs office. They each controlled a massive naval fleet that brought goods in from other Spanish-occupied countries like the Philippines. This brought a considerable amount of income into the new colony and just like today, customs and taxes took up a lot of time. So it was nice to live so close to work.

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Josefa Ortiz de Dominguez

In the center of the plaza is a large circular fountain. In the center is a statue of Josefa Ortiz de Dominguez. Josefa Ortiz de Dominguez was a heroine of the Mexican War of Independence. She fought for the Mexican people and was a part of several conspiracies to overthrow Spanish rule. Ortiz de Dominguez would falsify documents in one of the 614 illegal print shops that spread across the plaza and surrounding area. Ortiz was eventually caught and found guilty. Instead of facing the gallows, as a woman, she was placed in a nunnery. She managed to secure a release if she promised to stop her efforts in the rebellion. Which, of course, she did not. Even in her old age, she aided several radical political groups involved in the independence movement. In 1910, Ortiz de Domínguez was the first woman to be depicted on a Mexican stamp!

On the west side of the plaza, you can see the Portal de Evangelistas leading into the church of Santo Domingo. Although this plaza is slightly farther away from the traditional tourist track, this little square is one of my favourites. It seems that whenever you visit, there is always some sort of festivities going on, and the entire plaza is adorned with brightly coloured decorations.

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Old Customs Buildings

Directly opposite the plaza is the burgundy awning which covers the facade of the Old Customs Buildings. The customs house was responsible for the taxation of all items imported and exported in “New Spain.” “New Spain” was the name for Mexico during the 17th century when the customs house was first established. The building you see today was the newly built version constructed in 1730. One of the reasons I adore Mexico City is that you can see such historic buildings that have been preserved so well. Eventually, the customs offices needed to be expanded. The building was left empty until the Secretary of the Public Education Department took over.

The structure is made from a very unique material only found here in Mexico. The stone is called “tezontle.” Tezontle is dark red and a porous volcanic rock. It was one of the most popular materials used at this time and gives all the buildings from that era a special texture and appearance. The white stone around the windows, balconies and doorways provides a beautiful contrast, almost highlighting the uniqueness of the tezontle.

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Palace of the Inquisition

Before heading into the west part of the plaza, look at the building on the corner of República de Brasil and República de Venezuela. This is the ancient Palace of the Inquisition. The building is notable for its dramatically “cut-off” corner facade facing Santo Domingo Plaza. The Mexican Inquisition was one of the darkest parts of Mexico’s heritage. Although everyone knows the famous “Spanish Inquisition”, their inquisitors also set up operations in their new colonies.

The Inquisitors were essentially a judicial institution that aimed to combat heresy. Heresy was considered an opinion profoundly at odds with what is generally accepted. And what was “generally accepted” was defined by the government of the time. Unlike the judicial system we have today that is based on fair trials and evidence, the inquisitors relied on brutal methods. This included torture, to get their “confessions” out of the accused. Often, this resulted in false confessions by the victims, as they would do anything just to get the pain to end.

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Mexican Inquisition

The first inquisitor to arrive in ‘New Spain’ was Pedro Moya de Contreras. He arrived in 1526 and immediately went about building a new monastery for his Dominican order. Right across the street from the Palace of the Inquisition he built the Church of Santo Domingo. At the time, the current Palace of the Inquisition was a part of the monastery where Contreras and the other inquisitors worked. Their first big case was in 1566 against Martin Cortes, son of Hernán Cortés. There were rumours that Martin Cortes wanted to make New Spain an independent colony. That would mean all the resources that Spain had gained by colonizing Mexico would be lost. Which was a no-go for the government.

But even more upsetting was the fact that instead of investigating Cortes himself, they went about brutally torturing his enslaved Creole workers. When they were found guilty, they were decapitated, and their home near the Templo Mayor was razed. The site was sown with salt, a typical practice on conquered cities to symbolize a curse on their re-inhabitation. Just more proof of how brutal the colonization of Mexico was.

Life after Inquisition

When the Inquisition was disbanded, the building was put up for sale, but no one wanted to buy it due to its horrific past. It was finally purchased by the local archbishop, perhaps as a pity bid, but the building passed hands many more times. That was until 1854 when it was sold to the School of Medicine. But the cursed nature of the building seemed to persevere. In 1873, the famed romantic poet Manuel Acuña committed suicide by poison inside the school. Today, despite the building converted into the University’s Museum of Medicine, you can still make out the coat-of-arms of the Inquisition on the facade. This is depicted on the crest with a cross, branch and sword.

Santo Domingo

Walking towards the west side of the Plaza, you’ll be able to admire the exterior of the great Church of Santo Domingo. The architecture found on this building is very precious as it is the last remaining monastery from the original ‘New Spain’ constructions. When the Spaniards arrived in Mexico in 1526, the Dominican orders immediately established houses of worship. But many churches needed to be rebuilt over the years. Architects from the new world didn’t know how to cope with the soft soil and earthquakes that plagued the area. The church uses mainly the same dark tezontle rock framed in white cantera stones.

The twelve columns on the facade of the church facing onto the square represent the twelve apostles. In the portals on the first floor, we can see Saint Francis and Saint Augustine. Above them, we can see Saint Dominic kneeling as he receives the keys to the kingdom from Saint Peter and Saint Paul. There is a more miniature bas relief carving of the Assumption set between two small choir windows on the top level.

Street Names in Mexico City

Walk along the Republica de Columbia and then back south down Republica de Argentina. You might have started to notice a pattern surrounding the street names in this area. Most of them were named after Latin American countries. Brazil, Chile, and Argentina are all given their own streets. But this wasn’t originally the case. These street names were revised from the original wording in the 1920s by President Alvaro Obregon. During this time, Mexico was in the middle of a bloody revolution. Representatives from these other Latin American countries were sent to Mexico to help President Alvaro Obregon in the uprising. The renaming of the streets was seen as a sign of gratitude towards these countries. But it meant erasing the original naming conventions and with it their history.

In the Historical Centre, you’ll also find streets named after important dates in the country’s history. Cinco de Mayo and 16 de Septiembre are just two of those famous examples. Cinco de Mayo is the commemoration of the Battle of Puebla in 1862, when the French triumphed briefly over the French.

The 16th of September is also known as the “Cry of Dolores” day. On September 16th, 1810, the church bells (known as Dolores) rang as a call to arms that triggered the start of the Mexican War of Independence.

Trade Streets

Since the dawn of Tenochtitlan, Mexico City has been a hub for tradesmen and craftspeople. Many of these trade guilds were given a particular street to work out of. That street was therein known as the “metal workers street” or “shoemakers street.” Even today, in the shopping districts in the Historical Center, this trend of grouping businesses together still exists. You’ll pass a block where you’ll only find fabric stores, or button sellers, or goldsmiths. There is even an entire block dedicated to party decorations!

Cities and Authors

Various districts and neighbourhoods in Mexico City chose their own thematic naming conventions. In the Historical Center, in addition to the names of Latin American cities, we also see streets named after famous military generals like General Molinos del Campo, General Zuaza, General Leon, and General Gomez Pedraza. Roma Norte‘s streets are named after Mexican cities and states. Colonia Juarez contains streets named after international cities. You’ll find Calle Londres (London), Calle Tokio (Tokyo), Amsterdam Avenue, Calle Liverpool, Oslo Street, Hamburg Street, and even Florencia! Colonia Cuauhtémoc on the north side of the Reforma has streets named after rivers; Rio Nilo, Rio Po, Rio Tigris, Rio Elba, Rio Amazonas and Rio Sena. In the upscale area of Polanco, you’ll find the area dotted with streets named after famed men of thought and letters like; Parque Lincoln, Calle Socrates, Avenue Homer, Oscar Wilde, Schiller, Tennyson and more!

Secretariat of Public Education Main Headquarters

The large building that now houses the Secretariat of Public Education Main Headquarters is spread over an entire city block. The main facade faces out onto Republica de Argentina. This side has a completely different look than the older parts of the building we saw previously facing the Plaza Santo Domingo. This modern extension has a classical Greek design featuring Ionic pilasters and sharp lines. On top there is a large stone sculpture of the Greek gods; Apollo, Minerva, and Dionysus. Beside the greek statues are two sets of Aztec and Spanish-style weapons. The entrance to the building is marked by three large metal grilles with the initials “SER” on the front. This stands for the “Secretariat de Education Publica.“

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Diego Rivera Murals

Walk through the iron gates to enter the open-air courtyard. You’ll usually see two armed guards on either side of the doors. Since this is still a government office, they take security seriously. Tell them you are there to visit the Diego Rivera murals. If there aren’t any private events going on inside the courtyard the guards will usually let you right in but might do a quick security check of any bags you might be carrying. Inside the doors, you’ll enter the first of two large adjoining courtyards. Covering the walls of the courtyard are 235 panelled murals painted by none other than Diego Rivera. This was Rivera’s first large-scale painting project.

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Rivera and Vasconcelos

Although born in Mexico, Rivera had travelled to Paris and Italy to study under great masters like Pablo Picasso. He returned to Mexico to participate in a new mural program started by the Secretary of Public Education, José Vasconcelos. Vasconcelos thought that art was a powerful tool for education. He went about commissioning large-scale mural projects across the city to bring art to the public. This project took place after the great Mexican Revolution. The air was to use art to help communicate to the people that this new government would guarantee the new life promised by the revolution.

Like many of his contemporaries, Rivera believed that “easel painting” was considered too aristocratic. He and his contemporaries believed that large, public murals could reach a larger, broader audience. Art didn’t need to be hidden away inside stuffy museums or only appreciated by those with a critical eye. Art was for everyone.

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Education Mural Themes

Rivera started work on the murals in 1923, and it took the painter five years to complete. Despite the overly Greek-influenced exterior, these murals focused powerfully on the Mexican identity. It followed themes of the Mexican Revolution and the glorification of the dedicated Mexican labourers. His themes are divided by the two courtyards. The larger courtyard focuses on “Labour,”and the smaller courtyard is dedicated to the “Fiesta.” Unlike so much of the European influence covering the colonial parts of the city, these murals focused on the regular Mexican people.

Fiesta Courtyard

The smaller Fiesta Courtyard is the first one you’ll enter. Here there are murals on the ground floor depicting various meaningful events in the Mexican calendar. You’ll see scenes from the Deer Dance, the Day of the Dead, the Corn Fiesta, the Meeting on May 1st, Good Friday and the Ribbon Dance.

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Walk up the stairs to the second level, where you can view one of the most important of Rivera’s murals called “The Arsenal.” This massive painting portrays a group of revolutionaries preparing for battle. In the center, you can see the image of a young woman in red wearing the communist star on her shoulder. The woman who posed for this painting is none other than Rivera’s future wife, Frida Kahlo. Hovering above the murals, Rivera painted a sprawling red banner connecting one piece to the other. The text written upon it are words to revolutionary songs called “corridos.”

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Labor Courtyard

The larger courtyard surrounds a beautiful green garden full of lush foliage. In this area, you can see scenes depicting Mexican labourers. You’ll find images of mineworkers, sugar mill labourers, craftspeople using looms and dying fabric, smelters working the oven, and busy farmers selling their goods in the marketplace.

On the second floor staircase, are a series of murals highlighting Mexico’s diverse landscape from the bright blue coasts to the dense mountains. The murals on the second level here are dedicated to what Rivera considered the four primary elements of painting. These are light, colours, man and geometry.

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Palacio Nacional

To finish off our tour of Diego Rivera’s mural, a visit to the Palacio Nacional (National Palace) is in order. The Palacio Nacional is an enormous museum with so much to see and do. But for our purposes, we are just entering to see the courtyard murals. Once we arrive at the Zocalo, we will speak a little bit more about the grand facade but for the time being, let’s go inside to get a look at the courtyard.

Entrance to the National Palace is free, although there is usually a long lineup to get inside. You need to leave a piece of ID with the guards at the door. Since the Palace is still home to the offices of the Mexican President, security is critical. They need to control the number of people and keep track of exactly who is inside. Entrance to the National Palace can be found on Moneda Street.

History of the Palace

The site of the building was once home to Moctezuma II’s Palace. His grand residence was built in 1521. When Cortés first visited the Palace, he described it as having a surprising array of riches. The walls were made of marble, and the facade contained a carved shield of Mexico’s iconic eagle with the snake in its claws. Inside, the building was very modern, with sanitary facilities, fountains, gardens, bedrooms with rich tapestries of rabbit fur and feathers. In addition to being a royal residence for the rulers of the Aztec city, it was also a meeting place for the elder tribe members. Here disputes and discussions would take place to ensure the wealth and happiness of their people.

Sadly, after the invasion by the Spanish, Cortés seized the residence from the Aztecs and used it as his own home. Passing it down to his son in later years. The Palace suffered a devastating fire in 1692 that destroyed much of the original structure. Many of the original stones that could be recovered were used in the reconstruction efforts. However, the design of the new Palace was a much different style. This one was styled in the Baroque fashion of the time. It seemed that over time, every generation added their own touch to the building. And now, it looks more like a patchwork quilt of the ages. 

History of Mexico Mural

Walking inside the National Palace, follow the signs for the ‘History of Mexico Murals.’ These can be found within the great courtyard, surrounded by Baroque arches. Walk up to the main stairwell, where you’ll immediately be struck by this immense masterpiece. The mural depicts the history of Mexico from the dawn of human existence through to the 1920s. Rivera started work on this mural in 1929, many years after his first mural project. The precision and confidence in his technical skills and expressive style are evident in this work of art. Rivera was decisive in using his art to communicate his ideologies about communism and the decisive rejection of the colonizers. He wanted to bring the crimes of the part clearly into the people’s minds to ensure these atrocities were never forgotten.

The main message of the mural surrounds the indigenous Mexican people’s struggles to preserve their culture, National identity and country against the brutal colonizers. Standing at the base of the stairwell, take a minute to appreciate the sheer grandeur of the entire piece. So much of the story is a sad one—a classic tale of good vs. evil. The goodly indigenous Mexicans had one of the most vibrant cultures. Yet, they were practically wiped out by the evil, invading Europeans.

If you squint and look at the entire piece as a whole, the bright colours and expressive shapes look powerful, hopeful and strong, just like the Mexican people. Despite the horrors of the past, the post-revolution population believed in the future of their country. Especially as it became an independent nation. And that their strength and perseverance over the years was what would conquer evil and allow their great country to prosper.

North Wall 

Walk up the stairs to the landing in the center, and look up at the left side, or North Wall. This part of the mural depicts the indigenous Mexican’s long before the arrival of the Spaniards. They are surrounded by the fantastical Mexican landscape all around them. The blue is almost heavenly above—the large bright sunshine above, casting all of them in celestial light. The Aztecs believed in the sun god, as can be seen in the all-seeing eyes painted onto the sun’s face. Just below the sun, you can also see an erupting volcano with Xiuhtecuhtli‘s “the Lord of Fire” exploding from the mouth of the volcano. In the sky flies Quetzalcoatl, the Feathered Serpent deity and god of the wind and the rain.

The Valley of Mexico is spread out along the horizon, with its amazing pyramids towering above the people. Standing in front of the pyramids are the Aztec leaders, guiding and looking after their citizens. In the left corner, you can see a small battle scene between two tribes. This violence was a common occurrence in any civilization but the cultural costumes worn by the different tribes is what makes this little vignette so interesting. 

Farmers are tending to vivid corn crops, almost as bright as gold. Craftspeople in the lower right-hand side of the mural are busy weaving, making pottery, playing music, painting and writing on scrolls. This just shows what a modern civilization they had full of technology, art and even science! They were the farthest thing from “savages” as was reported by the violent Spanish colonizers.

West Side, Main Wall 

We move from the north wall’s idyllic memories to the densely packed and violent images of the west wall. This is the mural straight ahead as you walk up the main stairs. It is the battle of the Mexican people against their oppressors. A story of hatred and war, woven into the fabric Mexico’s history.

Lower Level Depictions

The lower part of the mural is riddled with images of Mexicans and Indians clamouring to fight against the heavily armoured calvary of the Spanish and French attackers. The beautiful and bright feathered costumes of the Aztec leaders, crushed and fallen under the feet of their enemies. Cortez himself can be seen in the middle of the painting, as he is the only mounted soldier with his face exposed. The rest of the attacker’s helmets are closed but Rivera paints Cortez with his helmet raised so his actions are not anonymous.

Cortez’s armies have modern weaponry making their defeat of the Aztecs a foregone conclusion. Despite them being outgunned and outnumbered, the Aztecs fought valiantly against the Spanish as seen on the right and let corners. All the while, the Aztecs are being watched over by a great golden eagle in the center. The eagle sits perched atop a cactus with a serpent in its mouth. The design of this symbol is rooted in the legend that the Aztec people would build their great city in the spot where they found an eagle eating a snake on top of a cactus. They called that place Tenochtitlan (Mexico City), and to them, it was worth fighting for.

Middle Depictions

In the middle of the mural, we see the horrors brought to Mexico by the Spaniards. Not only did they want to conquer the land, but they also wanted to abolish the Aztec religion. The Inquisition went about burning sacred books and religious imagery. You can see these fires burst out across the wall. Priests on the left-hand side can be seen forcefully converting the indigenous people to their new religion of Chrsitiniarity. The Spanish turned many natives into slaves, and it was these hard-working people who were the actual creators of this “new world.”

Upper Arch Depictions

Under the five arches at the top of the wall are the various rulers of Mexico. Interesting to note is Rivera’s use of non-hierarchical representation. No one man is larger than the other. While some people think makes the mural more challenging to interpret or read, it is part of Rivera’s communist ideologies of equality.

Starting from the left, we see the French Rule and execution of Austrian Emperor Maximilian in 1867. Next to that, we see images of the Porfirian Era. This era was coloured with a brutal dictatorial rule accomplished through a combination of consensus and repression. In the central arch, we see depictions of Independence and the Mexican Revolution. At the very top of the frame, you can see a man with a mustache carrying a large red banner. This is revolutionary Emiliano Zapata, who was one of the leading men in the Revolution. The red flag says “Tierra y Libertad,” which means “Land and Liberty.”

To the right we see images from the Reform and Juarez era. Benito Juarez was Mexico’s only Indigenous president and considered the founder of the new Mexican nation. Finally, on the far right, we have the invasion of Mexico by the US. Aabove the invading US army is the great eagle flying down to attack.

South Wall

The south wall to the left of the main stairwell depicts the future of the Mexican people. The imagery represents the ideals of progress, prosperity and hope for a better future. At the top of the mural is the image of Karl Marx holding his great Communist Manifesto on a large scroll. To the right of this is a man flying the Soviet flag. When the mural was painted, the Mexican people and Rivera himself had solid socialist tendencies and the Soviet flag can be seen throughout imagery from this era.

To the right of Karl is a scene of Mexican workers. They are being attacked and oppressed by a group of police wearing large gas masks. This scene takes place in front of the silhouette of Mexico City’s skyline. While the other two murals are more fluid in their collage-like design, this mural is framed in harsh geometric, metal beams. Inside these almost cage-looking rectangles are pictorial representations of what Rivera saw as negatives social forces in high society. 

At the bottom of the painting, is the image of a woman dressed in bright red. Look closely at her face to see if you can recognize the model. It is none other than his wife, Frida Kahlo. Frida holds in her hands a copy of the Marxist manifesto and is engaged in a political rally. Very similar to her real-life political activism. Above her is another similar-looking woman. This is Frida’s sister Cristina, with whom Rivera had an affair during his marriage to Frida.

Second Level

On the second level of the courtyard patio are 11 additional murals painted by Rivera. These are continuations of the history but highlight particular scenes that Rivera found to be important during the pre-Hispanic era. These murals were not finished, and it’s interesting to see them as works in progress captured in time.

La Casa de las Sirenas

It’s time to go and grab something to eat to power us up for the rest of the day. Exit the National Palace the way you came and turn left along Moneda Street and then north up Seminario. This street leads right up to the entrance of historic Restaurante, La Casa de las Sirenas. If you look up this restaurant on Google, it will send you to the wrong address. Be sure to come directly to the building on República de Guatemala at #32. The best part of this restaurant is its incredible view of the Templo Mayor and the National Palace, as it sits in the shadow of the great Metropolitan Cathedral. If you can request reservations in advance, be sure to ask for a seat on the terrace as the view from there is unbeatable.

History of the Casa de las Sirenas

The other reason to eat here? Over 500 years of history steeped within the walls. The buildings along this street, initially named “Calzada a Tlacopan,” were some of the first lots handed out by Hernán Cortés to new Spanish landlords. The buildings were constructed using stones from the old Aztec pyramids, which were destroyed after the Spanish invasion. You can still see those dark-red volcanic stones embedded in the facade. On either side of the incredibly detailed frieze on the terrace are carvings of two mermaids. They sit proud, with their tails unfurled, giving the house the name “Casa de las Sirenas.” In 1994 the house was established as a restaurant and the owner and architect Nicolás Salas Villagómez went about restoring all the original details of the house.

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The menu consists of traditional ingredients and classic recipes. That being said, it’s clear the menu is geared more towards tourists. The selection felt a little simplified, mostly like to suit a foreign palette. But nonetheless, it was all delicious! If you’ve never had traditional mole before, the one here is superb. But what you really come here for is the atmosphere, the good food is just a plus!

Taquería Tlaquepaque

If you’re looking for a cheaper alternative for lunch, make a quick detour over to Taquería Tlaquepaque. Taquería Tlaquepaque is your best budget option. This street taco establishment serves up plenty of options. But the very best one, in my opinion, is the tacos Al Pastor served with onions and pineapples atop a pile of roasted pork. Such a perfect sweet and salty combination.

Templo Mayor Museum

Directly across from the restaurant are the remains of the ancient Templo Mayor. Over the years, after many successful excavations and archeological digs, much of this historic site has been uncovered. It is now able to be viewed once more by the public inside the Templo Mayor Museum. The museum is definitely worth visiting as it displays some of the most significant treasures and relics of the great Aztec people. I would advise returning here on another day as a proper walk-through takes about 2-4 hours to explore. For our tour, the most exciting details of the ruins can be viewed from the street without going inside.

History of the Temple

The entire modern metropolis of Mexico City was built atop the ruins of the ancient Aztec city of Tenochtitlan. In the center of Tenochtitlan was the Templo Mayor, the city’s primary temple complex. The temple’s original name, in the native Nahuatl language, was Huēyi Teōcalli. According to legend, the temple was located where the god Huitzilopochtli gave the Mexican people the sign that they had reached the promised land. This sign was that iconic image of an eagle on a cactus with a snake in its mouth.

This great pyramidal temple was first built in 1325. Unlike Egyptian pyramids, which were primarily large tombs meant only for the Pharaohs, these pyramids were a big part of the life of the city. They were composed of four slopped terraces with secret passages inside. On the top of the pyramid was a flat platform where two temples were located. These were dedicated to Huitzilopochtli, god of war, and Tlaloc, god of rain and agriculture.

Inside the temple were the large idols of each god. They were made of amaranth seeds which was a traditional sculptural material in the pre-hispanic era. The seeds were stuck together with honey and even human blood to form the shape of the god. The blood was always given by willing human sacrifices as they wanted to donate a part of themselves to the god. These human sacrifices shocked Cortés when he first visited Tecnochiland. It was one of the events which added to his disdain of their beliefs and led him to think they were a “savage” culture.

The Discovery of the Temple

In 1521, after the invasion of the Spanish, the temple and the rest of the Aztec buildings were destroyed. The Spanish used the site as a spot for their new Cathedral. Hundreds of years past and many people completely forgot about it until it was nothing more than legend. But in 1978, when an electric company was undertaking some excavation work in the area, they discovered these incredible ruins underground. Back then, 19th-century colonial buildings covered the plot of land under which the ruins were hiding. The government of the time thankfully saw the importance of the archaeological site to be of far greater significance than the colonial buildings. They were demolished, and a massive undertaking began, working to uncover the ruins and preserving the treasure found within.

The parts of the temple we can see today are elements of the base of the pyramid and the slope upon which the rest of the pyramid would have travelled. Large sculptures of the gods jut out from the base of the temple. Still to this day, even after being buried underground, you can make out the bright colours that they were painted with when they were first created. These Aztec towns were a rainbow-hued metropolis and a sight to see to be sure.

Mexico City Cathedral Metropolitan

The crowning glory of the Historic Center of Mexico City is the enormous Cathedral of the Assumption of the Most Blessed Virgin Mary into Heavens. The stone monument dominates the border of the huge Plaza del Zócalo. While its full name is “Cathedral of the Assumption of the Most Blessed Virgin Mary into Heavens,” it also goes by the much shorter nickname “Metropolitan Cathedral” or “Mexico City Cathedral.” The enormous church has stood here for over 400 years, being constructed from the literal bones (or stones) of the Templo Mayor.

The towering ornate church is considered one of the masterpieces of Mexican architecture and is Latin America’s largest and oldest cathedral. If you’re visiting Mexico City, you absolutely need to make a stop inside! Explore the interiors and wonder at the amazing monuments, chapels, architecture and incredible atmosphere found inside the Mexico City Cathedral. I have an entire guided tour of the Cathedral to help you better understand all the different aspects of its history and architecture. It’s pretty in-depth since I truly think it is one of the most spectacular places to visit. But if churches aren’t your thing (which I totally get), you can just poke your head inside and head back out to the Zocalo.

Zócalo

Across the Cathedral is the huge public square, called the Zócalo or Plaza de la Constitución. Every great city has got to have their triumphant main square. Whether it’s St Mark’s in Venice or the Red Square in Russia, you need to have a large central meeting place for your citizens and annual celebrations. The word “Zócalo” means “plinth” or “base.” When the square was first built, there was plans for a large monument to be installed in the center. But only the plinth was ever built. So it began to go by that nickname. The nickname Zocalo caught on for all future public squares around Mexico despite them having no connection to an actual plinth on site.

The Aztec Zocalo

Before the Spanish conquest, the square was used by the Aztec people just as they use it today. As an open space for the people. Back then it was surrounded by Moctezuma II’s Palace to the east and the great Templo Mayor to the north. It sat in the center of what was when the intersection of all the roads that met in the middle of Tenochtitlan.

The Spanish Zocalo

Shortly after the invasion in 1521, the Spanish immediately went about transforming the area around the square. But for the most part, they left the Zocalo much unchanged as open-air squares were already famous in Europe and a necessity for big cities. Over the years, market stalls began to pop up around the square. Although I think the idea of a colossal square bustling with vendors sounds exciting, historian Francisco Sedano thought the spectacle was ugly and unsightly. He claimed it was, “very difficult to walk around here at the time because of its uneven pavement, mud in the rainy season, aggressive street dogs, mounds of trash and human excrement tossed among the corn husks and other discarded wrappings.“

Insisting the “unsightly” local vendors should be removed, the government installed a “Parián” in the southwest part of the square. The Parián was a small, stone warehouse where international products, brought in through trade, were sold. This new warehouse meant that local produce and crafts were pushed by the wayside in exchange for foreign products that outweighed the importance of the indigenous Mexican economy. During the Mexican Wars of Independence, the Parián was seen as another symbol of the colonizers. It was target #1 and destroyed during a large riot in 1828.

Celebrations, Rallies and Riots

As the square sits right in front of local government building, it is a popular spot for protests and rallies. But it is equally a place for expression and celebration. Festival de México is an annual event with programs dedicated to Mexican art held in the Zócalo. During the Day of the Dead celebrations, this square becomes filled with orange decorations, colourful floats, music stages, and more!

Grito de Dolores

Walk over to the east side of the square to look up at the facade of the Palacio National, which flanks this side of the square. It is here, every year on September 16th, better known as Independence Day, that celebrations start in Mexico City begin. Since 1821, the President of Mexico will walk out onto the balcony on the National Palace facing the square filled with crowds of people.

Once outside, he will ring the bell, which hangs in a small niche above the doorway. This bell once marked the first call to arms during the Mexican War for Independence and it still serves as a call to the people today. The president will then shout out to the people in the square, “Viva Mexico!” A cry echoed throughout the jam-packed Zocalo. This is called the “Grito de Dolores” or”the Cry of Dolores”. While it was once a rallying cry for the end of Spanish rule, today it is a cry for racial equality and the redistribution of indigenous land

The niche above the bell is topped by a great carving of the Mexican Coat of arms. The niche is flanked on either side by images of an Aztec eagle knight and his Spanish counterpart. Symbols of the ruling dynasties which once occupied the Palacio.

The Old Government Buildings

Looking south of the Zocalo, two identical buildings sit across facing the square. These are the official Government Administration buildings. The one on the right is the Old Town Hall (Palacio de Ayuntamiento) and one on the left is just called the Government Building (or Edificio De Gobierno). The Old Town Hall is much more bejewelled in its baroque architecture, while the Government Building is a simple, neoclassical design. While the Old Town Hall’s foundations dates back to the 16th century, the Government Building was a 20th-century invention. It was designed as a mirror image to the Old Town Hall, creating a wonderfully symmetrical appearance to that side of the square.

Palacio de Ayuntamiento

When Hernán Cortés took power in Mexico City, he wanted to immediately install a series of large governmental buildings surrounding the Zocalo. This was a sign of his dominance over the country. He also thought this would prevent indigenous people from building up around this central hub. The Old Town Hall would be located on the south side of the Zocalo. Construction was finished in 1527 under master architects Pedro de Arrieta and José Miguel Álvarez. But the first incarnation of the building was destroyed during the riots and fires of the 17th century uprising.

The new design we see today follows the baroque and neoclassical styles popular at the time. On the lower level, there is a series of wide arches for pedestrians to pass under. Floral carvings twirl around the architectural elements creating a highly textured facade. Walk under the arches of the Old Town Hall to admire the brightly coloured Talavera tile which wrap around the building. In the center of some of the tiles are painted murals depicting scenes of the founding of the city. 

Edificio De Gobierno

The Edificio De Gobierno follows the same overall design, but the heavy ornamentation has been omitted. Instead, we see a more simplistic, neo-classical style. Both buildings have a series of Doric, Ionic and Corinthian columns repeating along each level. Many of these design choices can be seen in the surrounding buildings in the Zocalo. But this isn’t just a coincidence or even just a common thread. This uniform look of the square was a government-mandated directive implemented in the 19th century. The government hoped that by enforcing this neocolonial style of architecture, the square would have a more unified and cohesive appearance. 

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Old Portal de Mercaderes

Continue along under the archway under the government building towards the west until you reach the southwest parkette in the corner of the Zocalo. Across the street, facing the west side of the square is the Old Portal de Mercaderes or Old Merchant Portal. From the earliest days of the Zolcalo, vendors occupied the area selling food, silks, fruits, medicinal herbs, and other merchandise. These vendors rented the space from the landowner Don Rodrigo de Albornoz, the Count of Santiago, and secretary to King Carlos V.

Flooding throughout the years around the Zocalo meant much of the original buildings were destroyed. They were thereafter reconstructed in the mid 17th and 18th centuries by the Albornoz family. Despite modern reconstructions, the buildings continued to use the traditional red volcanic tezontle stones and cantera marble. This meant the building’s facade was still in keeping with the rest of the Zocalo’s buildings. The street-level arcade operates to this day as a famous shopping street. The area is better known as the Centro Joyero or the Jeweler Center as it has become a hub for the cities most popular goldsmiths.

Gran Hotel Ciudad de México

Find your way to 16 de Septiembre Street and walk along, past a few shops, until you find the entrance to Gran Hotel Ciudad de México. Although I don’t generally recommend staying in the Historical Center (mainly because it feels more like staying inside the tourist hub), if you have your heart set on this area of town, THIS is the hotel you MUST choose. The rooms are pretty standard, but you get to stay in this gorgeous piece of history. If you get a room with a view out to the Zocalo, you can’t beat it for people-watching opportunities. The rates are shockingly affordable, so it’s well worth checking out.

While the hotel is adjoined to the larger Old Portal de Mercaderes building, its facade is unique to its location along Septiembre street. The high neoclassical style was preserved along with their iconic green wrought-iron balconies. The origins of the building date back to 1526. Back then, the building was constructed as a residence for the Royal Accountant, Rodrigo de Albornoz. It passed hands a few times through the ages, and in 1895, it was purchased by Frenchman Sebastian Robert. Robert’s had the idea to modernized Mexico City’s shopping scene and built its first large-scale department store right here in 1899. 

Centro Mercantil

In this modern department store, named the ‘Centro Mercantil,’ wealthy aristocrats could come and buy everything in one convenient location. Everything from luxurious fabrics, custom hats, expensive jewelry or imported perfumes. The European trend of “high tea” was also brought to Mexico City around this time. Visitors to the Centro Mercantil could enjoy this new trend right there in the opulent lobby cafe. The creme-de-la-cream of Mexico City would be seen walking through the doors, everyone from writers to composers, poets and of course, politicians. It was the who’s who of high society.

Back then, shopping malls weren’t the characterless places they are today. Back then, to draw in affluent customers, department store were lavishly decorated works of art. Robert’s designed the interior in the fashionable Art Nouveau style. Walking inside is like walking into a jewellery box. Hanging above your head as you walk up the stairs is the enormous Louis XV-style chandelier. Its crystals gently tinkling in the wind from the open doorways.

On either side of you, as you emerge from the staircase into the foyer, are two ornate gold canary cages decorated with brightly coloured flowers. But they aren’t just for display, they still hold canaries to this day. Standing in the center of the lobby is the cage-like elevator. This was the first panoramic elevator ever installed in Mexico.

Tiffany Glass Dome

The room absolutely beams with light descending down from the incredible stained-glass dome towering above you. The ceiling was designed by French artisan Jacques Grüber using the illusive Tiffany glass. This is actually one of the four largest Tiffany glass pieces which remain anywhere in the world! Over 20,000 pieces of vibrantly tinted glass were made to create this masterpiece.

Interior

The beautiful wrought-iron railings on the first three floors swell around the lobby like a wave. The use of iron to create the room’s structure was called “Chicago style.” The Centro Mercantil was the first building in Latin American to use the technique. These undulating designs were a replica of the ones inside the famous Au Bon Marché department store in Paris. Au Bon Marché is now lost to time, so the fact we can still see a piece of it today, preserved in this architecture is a real treat. Along the railings, you’ll see the monogram “CM” and “SR” repeated. The “SR” stands for Sebastian Robert, the store owner and the “CM” of course stands for the “Centro Mercantil.”

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Conversion to Hotel

The Centro Mercantil officially closed its doors in 1958. It wasn’t converted into a hotel until 1968. 1968 was one of the most famous eras in Mexico City’s modern history when the Summer Olympics came to the country. The Olympics meant thousands of new visitors to the city. To accommodate the crowds, more hotels needed to be built. These hotels were meant to create a positive impression on the international tourists. The city went about finding artful and iconic buildings that could be converted to wow the visiting athletes.

Avenue Francisco I. Madero

Exit the hotel and head along Calle de la Palma until you reach the pedestrian street Avenue Francisco I. Madero. While today the street is very touristy with many international chains dotting the shop fronts, there are still many historical buildings to see along the way. You just need to know where to look. The street is named after the great Francisco Ignacio Madero González. Madero was a Mexican revolutionary, writer, statesman and the 37th president of Mexico. Sadly, Madera was assassinated in 1913, only two years into his Presidency.

Templo de San Felipe Neri La Profesa

One block down the street, on your right, you’ll find the La Iglesia de la Casa Profesa or more commonly “La Profesa.” The church was the first Jesuit building in Mexico City, established in 1578. Sadly, much of the original design was demolished during the great flood of 1629. The current building is nonetheless impressive, dating back to 1714. Its architecture style marks the beginning of the ultra-baroque trend of the 18th century which exploded throughout Mexico City.

Art Collection

Stepping inside, take some time to admire the paintings on the walls. The church is home to one of the largest collections of colonial-era religious images. On display inside the church, see if you can find the painting of “The Virgin of the Pópulo” by Juan Correa, Baltasar de Echave Orio‘s depiction of “The Pentecost”, and best of all “the Crucifixion” by José Juárez above the altar. They have such an extensive collection of art that there is even an adjoining art gallery where the remainder of their collection is on view.

The Political Side of La Profesora

While a church might not seem like a place where political plots were cultivated, this church has served over the years as the location for many an uprising. During the Mexican War of Independence, “La Profesa Conspiracy” took shape inside these walls. Perhaps the church acted as a place of sanctuary where the rebels felt they would be safe from attack. It was here that those who opposed the republican government and supported Agustín de Iturbide met and discussed their plans to make him the emperor of Mexico. In recent years, it was here that the discussions around the beatification of Juan Diego also began.

Dulcería de Celaya 

Make a quick stop up the street at Dulcería de Celaya where you can grab yourself some delicious Mexican candies. Dulcería de Celaya is a tiny, old shop selling traditional Mexican candies and sweets since 1874. Walking into the shop, it feels like nothing has changed in over 100 years. When the family-run shop first started selling candy, it was made in a small, improvised factory using wooden shovels, copper saucepans and a minature oven. They could only produce so much per day, often only one tray of candy. But the sweets were so popular that they would sell out day after day. As the demand rose, they managed to expand their production to meet the needs of the city.

Even today, they produce candy in much the same way as it was made in the beginning, still out of that tiny kitchen. When you walk in the doors, the smell of fresh pineapples, strawberries, guavas and coconut fills the air. It’s intoxicating. The candy is very well priced, so even if you don’t’ recognize anything, just let the smells guide you and try whatever your eye is drawn to.

Palacio de Iturbide

Head back down to Madera street until you reach the Palacio de Iturbide, just before the Calle de Filomeno Mata. Surrounded on either side by modern buildings, this ancient structure really stands out. The Palace was built in 1779 as a wedding gift from Count of San Mateo Valparaíso to his daughter. Apparently, the Count was worried his daughter’s new husband was going to squander his daughter’s dowry. So instead, the Count built the house using the entirety of the dowry to ensure the new husband wouldn’t be able to lose it.

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Agustín de Iturbide, the Mexican army general and politician, lived here during the Mexican War of Independence from Spain. And it was actually inside the Palace where he accepted the crown of the First Mexican Empire. Because of this seminal moment, the building earned the nickname the “Palace of Iturbide“. The building is made out of that iconically Mexican tezontle and cantera stone. The facade was designed in a high gothic style featuring organic and geometric motifs such as flowers, vines, leaves, and even a mermaid. On either side of the entrance are two graceful male figures that look almost as though they are holding up the balcony above.

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Church of San Francisco

Further along the street, on your left, is the large stone archway and steps leading down into the Church of San Francisco. The Church of San Francisco or the Iglesia de San Francisco was the original headquarters of the Franciscan friars. When Cortez first came to Mexico City, this spot was where he found Moctezuma II’s royal zoo. After the colonization, the zoo destroyed and the land used to build the largest and most influential monasteries in Mexico City. Initially, the church and its monasteries spread out over 32,224 square meters! This would have taken up almost the entirety of the city block around the area.

Balvanera Chapel

Today, the only remnant of the original complex is this small church built in 1710. The reason for the steps down into the church is because, like the rest of Mexico City, the building is sinking. You can’t even walk in through the original entrance as that has been walled up. Today, the direct access to the church is through the Balvanera side Chapel. The chapel’s facade was given a facelift by Lorenzo Rodríguez, who also designed the front for the Metropolitan Cathedral’s Tabernacle.

Walking inside, the most impressive feature of the chapel is the sizeable gilded altarpiece dedicated to the Virgin of Guadalupe. Her faded image is placed in the center of the golden altar. Walking up a few steps into the central part of the church, you are greeted by another great gilded altarpiece. A few of the little elements inside that I love are the stained glass windows with the red cross in the center. Although they aren’t highly sophisticated, I love the very stark imagery of that repetitive red cross illuminating the clerestory.

While the chapel walls are relatively plain, hung to decorate the large expanses of stone are these vast paintings. These paintings depict scenes from the life of San Francisco de Assísi, for whom the church and the Franciscan order are named. Each one of the paintings highlights one of Saint Francisco’s greatest virtues. See if you can spot them all.

Casa de Los Azulejos

Directly across from the church, you’ll immediately be drawn to the blue and white tiles of the Casa de Los Azulejos or The House of Tiles. Madero Street was once the most highly sought-after real estate in Mexico City. The original residence was built for the wealthy Count of the Valle de Orizaba in the 16th century.

But the now-iconic colourful tiles weren’t added until 1737. After the Count’s death, the Countess decided to return from her home in Puebla to the capital city. Wanting to feel at home, she brought a large amount of the famous Puebla Talavera tiles with her. Puebla tiles were each handmade, and the sheer number of tiles on the facade was a way of showing off the family’s immense wealth, even after the Count’s death. It was a means of showing that Countess was still a power player and didn’t need her husband to run the show.

Talavera Tile

Talavera was a craft brought to Mexico by the Spanish. The Spanish established their workshop in Puebla in the 16th century. They chose Puebla as their industrial hub as it was an excellent location to nearby clay mines used to create the tiles. The colourful tiles were a popular feature inside monasteries and churches. Usually, only the most wealthy homes could afford to decorate their houses with them. While some Puebla tiles were painted with images of animals, birds and flowers, the most commons variety contained simple geometric patterns.

Sanborns

Florid stone carvings decorated the windows, doorways and balconies around the rest of the building. Carved into the stones are French porcelain crowns to denote the status of the house as a royal residence. The Count’s family eventually sold off the property in the 20th century. It was purchased by Frank Sanborn and his brother Walter. It was there that they would open their first soda fountain shop and drugstore. They named it the ‘Sanborns American Pharmacy,’ which opened in 1917. Sanborns transformed the residential interior open-air courtyard into a restaurant with a large stained-glass roof overhead. Customers could dine inside the inner courtyard and enjoy the gorgeous antique murals that cover the walls, remnants of the 17th-century home.

One of the best places to get a great photo-op is along the tiled exterior is on Condesa Street. This less busy side street has tiles that stretch along the entire passage and provide an unobstructed view of the building. The food inside the restaurant isn’t anything to write home about but it is definitely worth going inside to take a look at the interior courtyard. Sanborn’s is still a small shop, so you can also go inside to buy yourself a little souvenir or bottle of water to give yourself an excuse to tour the interior.

Torre Latinoamericana

At the end of Madero street is the great Torre Latinoamericana. This enormous skyscraper looks down over the Historic Center like its great protector. While the skyscraper might seem pretty modern for a stop on the “Historical” neighbourhood tour, the view you get from the top is really what makes visiting this place worthwhile. The Torre Latinoamericana stretches 166 meters (545 ft) up to the sky. The building was designed by some of the countries best engineers to ensure it could withstand the seismic activity that is prevalent in the area. It stood the test of time in 1985 when the building withstood the 8.1 magnitude earthquake that brought such immense damage to the rest of the Historic District.

The building opened to the public in 1956 as Mexico’s tallest building and remained as such until 1982. Back then, skyscrapers were really architectural miracles. The other historic buildings in the neighbourhood were immediately looked over by locals and visitors in favour of the steel and glass tower. Today, it almost feels like the opposite. Most of us live in steel forests and are clamouring to see more of the baroque stone structure of the past.

Observation Deck

You have the option to travel up the tower to experience the fantastic views all across Mexico City. The building’s 44th floor is home to a large open-air observation deck. On a clear day, you can see all across the city and even over to the snow-capped volcanoes of Iztaccíhuatl and Popocatépetl. From up above, you can really see how Mexico City is indeed located in a valley. Ticket to go up the tower cost 150 pesos (7 USD) per person.

Miralto Restaurant

If you are interested in getting a view without paying to go the observation deck you have the option of dining at the Miralto restaurant, located inside the tower. The restaurant has just as spectacular of a view, albeit without the open-air part. But for those of us who don’t love heights, this option might even be bette. The menu is pretty basic, but the food we did order was really delicious and shockingly well priced for being in such a spectacular location. My advice would be to head up to the tower to enjoy a small appetizer and fancy cocktail to paur with the gorgeous view. If you visit at the end of the day, you’ll also be able to enjoy a magnificent sunset!

La Opera Bar

If you’re looking to fill up for real, the Historic Centre has a ton of fantastic options for you. For a mid-price table service restaurant with such historic flair, La Ópera Bar is an excellent choice. The restaurant and bar have been here since 1870, serving locals and tourists alike. There is a definitely European flare to the place with their richly polished woods, tiled floor and filigree wood-carved ceilings.

Azul Historico

But my all-time favourite option has got to be Azul Historico. It’s an upscale option but still super reasonably priced considering the quality of the food and the beautiful ambiance. The restaurant is located inside a gorgeous open-air colonial courtyard. You sit amongst the trees while dining on authentic and yet modern Mexican cuisine. The presentation and service is absolutely unparalleled and eating here feels like such a visually sensation experience.

The entire menu is fantastic but one of my favourite hidden gems, that many people might not realize or skip over, is their hot chocolate. Hot chocolate originated in Mexico so ordering it here feels like getting to try the most authentic version of the drink. If you order a hot chocolate, they’ll bring the hot chocolate cart to your table. There, a waiter mixes up your personalized drink. Almost like ordering a fancy cocktail. You get to choose the type of chocolate and even some additives. Then they use these traditional wooden mixers to serve up the cup of warm cocoa right there in front of you! Just one more example of their stupendous service! You really must make it out here!

Pastelería Ideal

If you are still hankering something sweet to eat for dessert head over to the Pastelería Ideal. This bakery is one of the most popular shops in the district. In fact, you might have even seen their colossal blue and white boxes all over the city as it’s a popular spot for cafes to buy their sweets from. The bakery was founded in 1927 and has been opened in this very spot ever since. They have since opened up three other locations, but this is the original. The building in which it is located was actually once a part of the old Franciscan monastery we visited eariler! You can still see details of the original walls of the De Profundis Room inside the upper floors of the bakery.

This bakery has everything from traditional Mexican bread and pastries, cakes and cookies to Parisian puff pastry, viennoiseries, and more! All of this is served up on huge platters towering with treats. Just grab a try and use the tongs provided to serve yourself up some pastries. Once you’re done piling up (they make great breakfast pastries, too), take your collection to the counter. There they will pack them up for you and give you a ticket to pay. After you’ve paid, they’ll delivery you your baked good, all perfectly wrapped up to go. Enjoy them back at your hotel or back in Alameda Park to round out the tour.

Mexico City’s Historic Centre is a must-see destination for anyone visiting the city. It has so much significance with regard to the history of Mexico. It’s one of the most exciting areas to visit and the museums provide a dozen more reasons to come back! I hope you enjoyed our very thorough tour, time to head home, put your feet up and enjoy a cold Cerveza!

Happy Travels, Adventurers!

The post FREE Self-Guided Walking Tour of Mexico City’s Centro Historico first appeared on The Creative Adventurer.

Table Of Contents

1. Access
2. History
3. #1 Have Breakfast at Café Avellaneda
4. #2 Explore the Old Iglesia de Coyoacán
5. #3 Grab a snack in Hidalgo Plaza
6. #4 Have Lunch in Mercado de Coyoacán
7. #5 Learn about Mexico's Pop Culture at the Museo Culturas Populares
8. #6 Take a Walk in Frida’s Footsteps at La Casa Azul
9. #7 See the spot where Leon Trotsky was assassinated
10. #8 Have a pick me up at Cafe El Jarocho
11. #9 Grab some dessert at Helados Coyoacán
12. #10 Wander the historical Avenida Francisco Sosa
13. #11 Find the Golden Church inside the Parque Santa Catarina
14. #12 Relax under the palm tree in Casa de Cultura Jesús Reyes Heroles
15. #13 Get some fresh air Viveros de Coyoacán
16. #14 See a film Cineteca Nacional

Access

The best way to get to Coyaocan, and our first stop on tour, is by Uber. You can also take the Metro, Line 3 to Coyoacan Station, but the station is a bit of a walk from the main areas of the tour. Ubers, as long as you take them outside of peak rush hour, are only about $5 US from the centre of Mexico City.

History

The village of Coyoacán was founded in the 12th century by the Tepanec tribe. This tribe migrated from the Valley of Mexico and settled themselves in Coyoacán. There they shared a common language, Nahuatl, and mythology with the surrounding villages. Unfortunately, despite the common language and culture, the tribes were not allies for long and for centuries they fought against one and other to conquer the land they controlled.

When Hernán Cortés arrived on their shores in 1519 the Tepanec, who hated the native Mexicas, were more than happy to assist him in his mission to conquer them. When the capital of Mexico was moved to Mexico City, Coyoacán remained a quiet village, outside the influence of such political and commercial urbanization. Even today, they do not suffer from the same urban sprawl as the rest of Mexico City. You can find narrows street filled with charming post-colonial architecture amongst ancient cobblestones and gardens.

#1 Have Breakfast at Café Avellaneda

While many places in Coyoacán open later in the morning, Café Avellaneda opens bright and early at 8 am! While this might be a tad early for some, for us morning people it’s a rare find! This quaint cafe is the perfect place to start your day. Start with one of their featured artisan lattes. Coffee in Mexico City is out of this world! Their selection of fresh-baked goods is superb with sweet cakes decorating their window display, enticing customers to come inside. We opted for a full breakfast and got the chilaquiles verde and the daily special pancakes with season fruits! It was absolutely delicious and I cannot recommend it more.

#2 Explore the Old Iglesia de Coyoacán

The Iglesia De Coyoacán was built between 1520 and 1552. Originally the church and its cloister were run by the Dominican order. But when Hernan Cortes entered the picture, he gave it to the Franciscan parish. Over the years the church has changed its appearance from its original form. Renovations and fires continued to shape its evolution, but the current church is no less beautiful than all its predecessors. Surprisingly the choir, the Rosario Chapel and the main altar are still all entirely preserved from the original construction. The facade is a classical herrerian design with geometric rigour and an overall absence of decorations. The atrium, now the Plaza del Centenario, was once the church’s cemetery. Today walking on these grounds is considered a holy spot as the gravestones are thought to be under the roads and pathways built on top.

The interior is covered in baroque gilded decorations and the ceiling topped with a mindblowing ceiling fresco of the Immaculate Conception of Mary, a fantastical work of Juan de Fabregat. The interior feels grand and yet, at the same time, very intimate. Most of the work was done by indigenous hands, and their artwork is in the process of being preserved and studied. The studies aim to determine what materials were used in creating this vast variety of colours. They want to know how such simplistic elements could achieve the same finesse as the professional supplies used in European constructions.

The Monastery

The monastery is located on the upper two floors surrounding a large courtyard. To this day the original wood beams and decorative work in remains, preserved almost my divine hands from the fires which ravaged the rest of the church. When we visited, there were a large group of locals, praying on their way to work. Religion in Mexico is still very much part of the fabric of everyday life. Unlike some churches in Europe which feel more like a historical relics, these buildings serve a practical purpose as well as being visually appealing.

#3 Grab a snack in Hidalgo Plaza

In the middle of Hidalgo Plaza is a large 20th-century stained glass-topped gazebo. The cupola on top is capped with a bronze sculpture of an eagle from the Mexican flag’s coat of arms. Around the gazebo, especially on the weekends, you’ll find musicians entertaining parties and locals out enjoying the sunshine or relaxing on the benches under the shade of the trees. Children are seen playing in the square, and brightly coloured balloon and toy vendors peddle their wares. There is always someone selling tamales in the morning or street tacos in the afternoon. My favourite street food snack is Elote (corn with mayonnaise, fresh cheese, lemon, salt and chile) or ‘Papas de carrito‘ (potato chips, churritos or fried pork rinds with lemon and salsa). No matter what time of the day, this square is bustling with action.

#4 Have Lunch in Mercado de Coyoacán

The Mercado de Coyoacán has stood here for decades, and if you look at the roofline, you’ll see that it’s actually more than one building, pieced together. The newest part of the structure was built in the 1950s but the original, much smaller, marketplace was where both Frida Kahlo and Diego Rivera would come to shop for their famous dinner parties held at the Casa Azul.

Before entering the interior of the market, stop at the sidewalk entrance on the corner of Malintzin and Ignacio Allende where you’ll find El Jardín del Pulpo. El Jardín del Pulpo translates into ‘The Octopus’s Garden‘ where you can indulge in Coyoacán’s best street seafood. While it might seem a little more expensive than regular street food you’ll be eating such luxuries as lobster, langostino and you MUST give their GIANT shrimp cocktails a try!

Shopping in the Market

Inside the market, I found to have even more exciting vendors than the artisan market. You’ll find colourful Tehuana fabrics, the same as Frida would have worn in her day. There are dozens of flower stands, filling that side of the marketplace with rich aromas. Giant bowls of freshly ground mole powder are on display, take a look at all the different kinds of mole there are. You can find perfume, candles and a plethora of seasonal party decorations which hang from the ceiling making it look like entering a huge party!

But the main reason for visiting this market is to try Tostadaa Coyoacan ! At lunchtime, the lines can get pretty long, but it moves quickly and gives you time to scope out what you want to try. The shtrimp ceviche tostadas with thick slices of avocado to cut the acidity are absolute perfection! If eating raw seafood is a little too adventurous for you, try their famous shredded chicken; simple, moist and flavourful! There are six different eating areas with bar-style seating, so even at the busiest time of day you can almost always find somewhere to saddle up.

El Borrego de Oro

Barbacoa is another traditional dish to try in the Coyacán market. If you’re visiting on a Saturdays and Sundays, find your war to El Borrego de Oro or ‘The Golden Sheep’ stand at the back of the market. The shreds of tender meat atop freshly made tortillas are absolute heaven.

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#5 Learn about Mexico’s Pop Culture at the Museo Culturas Populares

The National Museum of Popular Culture is one of the most vibrant museums you’ll visit anywhere in the world. Rather than old painting or ancient relics, the museum focuses on temporary exhibitions which rotate and change throughout the year. They call themselves a living entity. There is always something new to see. But regardless of what is on exhibition, there will also be items featuring expressions of popular, indigenous and urban cultures. The museum is a great place to come to learn about Mexico’s current culture and art scene. 

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#6 Take a Walk in Frida’s Footsteps at La Casa Azul

What most people come to Coyocan for is the Casa Azul, also known as the Frida Kahlo Museum. The Casa Azul was where Mexican artist Frida Kahlo grew up, became an artist, got married and even died. She lived there with her husband Diego Rivera and together the two of them transformed a simple home into an artists retreat. After her death, the artworks of Frida Kahlo became an international sensation, gaining notoriety more and more as time went on. A hidden genius being discovered after her death, like it so often goes. But Frida herself has become an icon and cultural phenomenon.

The museum is less of a simple art gallery and more like an inside look at her private world. Although there are a few paintings from both artists, the main focus of the Casa Azul is the couple’s Mexican folk art and being able to tour their home exactly as it was when they lived and worked inside it. Throughout the house you’ll see their collections of pre-Hispanic artefacts, photographs, memorabilia, personal items, and more. You feel a deep connection with these artists by literally walking in their footsteps, and this is an unmissable experience for anyone interested in art or Frida herself.

#7 See the spot where Leon Trotsky was assassinated

If you’re interested in visiting more of the interiors of Mexico City’s famous residences, you should check out the Leon Trotsky House Museum. Trotsky was a Russian revolutionary, Marxist theorist, and Soviet politician who was expelled from Russia in 1929 fpr his radical beliefs. He sought exile all over the world, but it was Diego Rivera who asked the Mexican government to allow him to come to Mexico City to seek political asylum. Trotsky stayed with Diego and Frida until 1939 when his affair with Frida and disagreements with Diego became too inflamed.

After this, he moved into the house, which is now the Trotsky museum. Unfortunately, Trotsky wasn’t safe in Mexico City for long as he was assassinated in this very house. The house is today left in much the same condition as it was the day he died. In fact, the room where he was murdered still has the books he was reading and papers he was writing strewn about untouched. Walking up to it, it looks like a fortress, complete with tall watchtower where there were once armed guards. You can still see the bullet holes from his assassination attack on the outer walls of the house. Even if you don’t know much about Trotsky, it’s an interesting way to see what life in Mexico City looked like in the 1930s.

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#8 Have a pick me up at Cafe El Jarocho

For a little pick-me-up, head over to Cafe El Jarocho. This place has been serving customers in Coyoacán for 63 years and is a veritable piece of history. It’s an unpretentious coffee shop and a great alternative to just another Starbucks. Give their mocha a try since it’s well-known for being made with traditional Mexican chocolate and some of their locally grown beans.

#9 Grab some dessert at Helados Coyoacán

This ice cream shop across from the park has been serving up traditional flavours of ice cream inspired by the many different fruits which grow only around this part of the country. Don’t recognize the name or a certain flavour? Give it a try! You might be totally shocked to find a new favourite flavour, even if you had no idea what it actually was. This is an especially good treat if you’re visiting on a hot day. Grab a few scoops and relax under the shade of the park nearby.

#10 Wander the historical Avenida Francisco Sosa

Heading over to our next destination, we set out along the Avenida Francisco Sosa. This is my favourite street in the entire city. The street is over 450 years old and connected Coyacán with the village of San Ángel. There are over 60 different buildings along the road which have been honoured by National Institute of Anthropology and History as being historical monuments.

One of the most famous buildings to see is Casa De Diego De Ordaz. It was built in the 18th century, and the facade is decorated in this fantastic Mudejar style which was popular at the time. The most remarkable features of the building are the reliefs made by indigenous people of Coyoacán. Further down the road, you’ll pass the Instituto Italiano de Cultura or Italian Cultural Institute. This building is most recognizable by its red façade with bright white Moorish decorations. It was built between the 17th and 18th centuries and now houses the cultural offices of the Italian Embassy.

#11 Find the Golden Church inside the Parque Santa Catarina

The marigold colour you can spot from afar which dominates this lovely parkette is from the adorable facade of the church of Santa Catarina. This chapel was built for use by the indigenous population in the very early colonial period. If you have the chance to step inside, you’ll find preserved 16th-century ornamental work. You’ll also we able to look on in wonder at s 400-year-old mural. The square around the church is the site of many a celebration, and there is usually remnant of those events still holding onto the sunlight the next morning. A great photo opportunity.

#12 Relax under the palm tree in Casa de Cultura Jesús Reyes Heroles

Across from the park is the Casa de Cultura Jesús Reyes Heroles. This cultural centre is free to enter and a beautiful place to rest your feet or just explore. The “House of Culture” was named in honour of the distinguished historian and political scientist, Jesús Reyes Heroles. The building was originally located on the property of an Izotitlán, meaning “izotes” which is a type of wild palm. Those palm trees still grow like wild all over the property. In this public centre, you’ll see people writing essays under the trees, practising dance, learning music, having heated morning meetings!

There is even a little cafe and restaurant if you want to stay and enjoy the space a bit longer. You are free to roam around both inside and out. I loved wandering up and down the different floors of the old house trying to see what I could discover. I found their old kitchen, bathroom and some gorgeous tile work from the 19th century. In the middle of the ground is a sculpture of Frida and Diego sitting on a park bench, cast in bronze. You can take a seat alongside and get your picture taken with the famous couple.

#13 Get some fresh air Viveros de Coyoacán

Head north along Calle Salvador Novo towards Avenue Progreso where you’ll head east until you reach the entrance to Viveros de Coyoacán National Park. This 100-year-old park is run by the Secretary of Environment and Natural Resources. The main objective of the park is to grow and then replant different varieties of trees to reforest the entire metropolitan area of Mexico City. Different species of trees are dedicated to specific sectors of the city and walking through here you can learn all about the diverse flora and fauna Mexico is famous for.

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#14 See a film Cineteca Nacional

The Cineteca Nacional or The National Film Archives has 30 different movie theatres housed inside one of the most impressive modern pieces of architecture Mexican architect Michel Rojkind in Coyoacán. Cineteca Nacional often features a variety of different kinds of film programming from National and International projects. It also houses a cafe and a variety of hip restaurants and bars. At night time during the warmer months, there is even an area outside where you can see movies under the stars!

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The post 14 of the Best Places to Visit in Coyoacán to Spend the Perfect Day in Mexico City first appeared on The Creative Adventurer.

This guided walking tour will lead you across the all the important stops in Coyoacán. I think to take it at a leisurely pace, leave yourself a whole day so you can take your time and go inside a few of the stops along the way. A google map with all the locations on the tour can be found at the bottom of this post.

Table Of Contents

1. Access
2. History
   • Map Of Walking Tour
   • Begin at: Frida Kahlo Park
   • Plaza de la Conchita
   • Casa de la Malinche
   • Breakfast at Café Avellaneda
   • Calle de Higuera
   • Iglesia de Coyoacán
     • Church Interior
   • Centenario Plaza
   • Hidalgo Plaza
   • Casa Municipal
   • Mercado Artesanal
   • Mercado de Coyoacán
     • Market Stalls
   • La Casa Azul, Frida Kahlo Museum
   • Leon Trotsky House Museum
   • Cafe El Jarocho
   • Le Bipo
   • Churreria General de la Republica
   • La Casa Del Coleccionista
   • Avenida Francisco Sosa
   • Casa De Diego De Ordaz
   • Italian Cultural Institute
   • Parque Santa Catarina
   • Casa de Cultura Jesús Reyes Heroles
     • Frida and Diego Statue
   • Barricas Don Tiburcio
   • Fonoteca Nacional
   • Viveros de Coyoacán
   • Centenario 107
   • Cineteca Nacional

Access

The best way to get to Coyaocan, and our first stop on tour, is by Uber. You can also take the Metro, but the station is quite far away from our starting point. Ubers, as long as you take them outside of peak rush hour, are only about $5 US from the centre of Mexico City. The journey takes around 25 minutes depending on traffic.

History

The village of Coyoacán was founded in the 12th century by the Tepanec tribe. This tribe migrated from the Valley of Mexico and settled themselves in Coyoacán. There they shared a common language, Nahuatl, with the surrounding villages. Unfortunately, despite the common language and culture, the tribes were not allies for long and for centuries they fought against one and other to conquer land.

When Hernán Cortés arrived on their shores of Mexico in 1519, the Tepanec, who hated the native Mexican tribes, were more than happy to assist him in his mission to conquer them. Cortés established himself in Coyoacán with the tribe he had become close with. He brought with him much wealth and Coyoacán bloomed as one of the most beautiful villages in the world, not just in Mexico. When the capital of Mexico was moved to Mexico City, Coyoacán remained a quiet village, outside the influence of such political and commercial urbanization. Even today, they do not suffer from the same urban sprawl as the rest of Mexico City. You can still find narrows street filled with charming post-colonial architecture amongst ancient cobblestones and lush green gardens.

Map Of Walking Tour

Begin at: Frida Kahlo Park

Wake up bright and early and head on down to the start of your tour, Frida Kahlo Park. Since Frida is the most well-known resident of the neighbourhood, it seems fitting to start our journey here. This square honours the memory of the great Mexican painter. You can find a bronze sculpture of her with a full Tehuana dress, standing proudly in the centre of the plaza. Beside her, is her husband, Diego Rivera, looking on lovingly. This park has a very structured layout, the bushes around it perfectly pruned and geometric shapes, resembling those of Aztec pyramids forming the archway overtop of the pathway.

 

 

 

 

 

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Plaza de la Conchita

Early in the morning, this peaceful square is practically empty. Only a few tamale sellers might be seen passing through on their way to hot spots in the centre of Coyoacán. In the middle of this square stands the Chapel of the Immaculate Conception Church, or “La Conchita“. La Conchita is a nickname for the church which literally translate into, “the little shell”. Although the church is now closed for restoration work, walking around this plaza will still provide an excellent introduction to the neighbourhood.

When the Spanish conquistador Hernan Cortes arrived in Coyoacán, he built this Church on what once was a pre-Hispanic ceremonial site. This was where Cortes held the very first Christian mass in the new land. The building’s exterior has an incredible stonework patterned facade, meant to resemble a the texture of a shell. The restoration taking place is attempting to repaint the church the same canary yellow as it once would have been coloured.

Casa de la Malinche

Walking north along the park, along Higuera street, you’ll pass the Casa de la Malinche. Although not open to the public, this house is thought to have been initially built for Cortés’ Spanish wife, Catalina Juárez de Marcaida. ‘La Malinche’ is the Spanish word for ‘the captain’s woman‘. Catalina Juárez de Marcaida was murdered in this very spot as she was seen to be a traitor to her people and even sometimes blamed for the downfall of the Aztec empire.

Breakfast at Café Avellaneda

While many places in Coyoacán open later in the morning, Café Avellaneda opens bright and early at 8 am! While this might be a tad early for some, for us morning people it’s a rare find! This quaint cafe is the perfect place to start your day. Start with one of their featured artisan lattes. Coffee in Mexico City is out of this world! Their selection of fresh-baked goods is superb with sweet cakes decorating their window display, enticing customers to come inside. We opted for a full breakfast and got the chilaquiles verde and the daily special pancakes with season fruits! It was absolutely delicious and I cannot recommend it more.

Calle de Higuera

Walking along the Calle de Higuera, up towards our next stop, take some time to observe the houses and buildings on either side of the street. This is one of the oldest streets in the city. Many of these homes were built in the colonial era and have been catalogued for their historical value.

Iglesia de Coyoacán

The Iglesia De Coyoacán was built between 1520 and 1552. Originally the church and its cloister were run by the Dominican order. But when Hernan Cortes entered the picture, he gave it to the Franciscan parish. Over the years the church has changed appearance from its original form. Renovations and fires continued to shape its evolution, but the current church is no less beautiful than all its predecessors. Surprisingly the choir, the Rosario Chapel and the main altar are still all entirely preserved from the original construction. The facade is a classical herrerian design with geometric rigour and an overall absence of decorations. The atrium, now the Plaza del Centenario, was once the church’s cemetery. Today walking on these grounds is considered a holy spot as the gravestones are thought to be under the roads and pathways built on top.

Church Interior

The interior is covered in baroque gilded decorations and the ceiling topped with a mindblowing ceiling fresco of the Immaculate Conception of Mary, a fantastical work of Juan de Fabregat. The interior feels grand and yet, at the same time, very intimate. Most of the work was done by indigenous hands, and their artwork is in the process of being preserved and studied. The studies aim to determine what materials were used in creating this vast variety of colours.

They want to know how such simplistic elements could achieve the same finesse as the professional supplies used in European constructions. The monastery portion of the church is located on the upper two floors surrounding a large courtyard. To this day the original wood beams and decorative work in remains, preserved almost my divine hands from the fires which ravaged the rest of the church. When we visited, there were a large group of locals, praying on their way to work. Religion in Mexico is still very much part of the fabric of everyday life. Unlike some churches in Europe which feel more like a historical relics, these buildings serve a practical purpose as well as being visually appealing.

Centenario Plaza

Spend some time wandering the two adjoining parks, the Centenario Garden and Hidalgo Plaza. The gated entrance to the Jardin del Centenario is marked by a gorgeous double archway which they call the ‘Arcadas Atrial’ or the ‘Arcos del Jardín del Centenario‘. It was once part of the entrance to the old 16th century Parish Church of San Juan Bautista built during the colonial period. Stone pieces from the original building were woven onto either side of the archway. Take a closer look to see how decorative motifs from that period depict both European and indigenous influence.

In the centre of Centenario Plaza is a fountain which contains a bronze sculpture of two coyotes, which refer to the borough’s name. The name Coyoacán comes from the Nahuatland word meaning “place of coyotes.” Today you’ll see the symbol of the coyote everywhere you look; on park benches, on street corners and even in flower gardens! On either side of the garden are lush Indian laurel trees which spread out to form a canopy over the walkway below. Underfoot, the street is paved with red and black volcanic stone from Mexico.

Hidalgo Plaza

In the middle of Hidalgo Plaza is a large 20th century stained glass-topped gazebo. The cupola on top is capped with a bronze sculpture of an eagle from the Mexican flag’s coat of arms. Around the gazebo, especially on the weekends, you’ll find musicians entertaining parties and locals out enjoying the sunshine or relaxing on the benches under the shade of the trees. Children are seen playing in the square, and brightly coloured balloon and toy vendors peddle their wares. There is always someone selling tamales in the morning or street tacos in the afternoon. My favourite street food snack is Elote (corn with mayonnaise, fresh cheese, lemon, salt and chile) or ‘Papas de carrito‘ (potato chips, churritos or fried pork rinds with lemon and salsa). No matter what time of the day, this square is bustling with action.

Casa Municipal

Across from Hidalgo Plaza, you’ll find the Hernan Cortés house or Casa Municipal. It was built in the 18th century as an administration building for the government. Although called the Cortes house, the conquistador never lived here. He did in fact life in Coyoacán from 1521 to 1522 but never on this property, even though a placard on the building says he did...the original fake news I suppose. Perhaps he simply spent so many hours inside these walls that people simply assumed he must live there.

Cortés resided on a piece of land once owned by the indigenous leader of Coyoacán, Juan de Guzmán Iztolinque, located where we now find La Conchita Church. The current incarnation of the Casa Municipal was built in the 18th century by Cortés’ descendants. The building was where the government of Coyoacán did all their business until 1928 when this district was absorbed as a municipality of Mexico City.

Mercado Artesanal

Across the street from Hidalgo Plaza is the yellow archway entrance to the Mercado Artesanal Coyoacán. While this artist market is less impressive than the Mercado De Artesanias La Ciudadela, the courtyard of the Artesanal market here well worth checking out for the beautiful ‘papel picado’ (pecked paper) which hang from either side of the small garden. The prices in this market are actually very reasonable (sometimes cheaper than in the city centre), but the selection isn’t extensive. I did find some beautiful glass work which I hadn’t seen anywhere though so you really never know what you’ll find. And if this is your only opportunity to visit a market in Mexico City than this is a great opportunity.

Mercado de Coyoacán

Head north along Aguayo and turn down Ignacio Allende where you’ll spot the terra cotta roof tiles of the Mercado de Coyoacán. This market has stood here for decades, and if you look at the roofline, you’ll see that it’s actually more than one building, pieced together. The newest part of the structure was built in the 1950s but the original, much smaller, market place was where both Frida Kahlo and Diego Rivera would come to shop for their famous dinner parties held at the Casa Azul.

Before entering the interior of the market, stop at the sidewalk entrance on the corner of Malintzin and Ignacio Allende where you’ll find El Jardín del Pulpo. El Jardín del Pulpo translates into ‘The Octopus’s Garden‘ where you can indulge in Coyoacán’s best street seafood. While it might seem a little more expensive than regular street food you’ll be eating such luxuries as lobster, langostino and you MUST give their GIANT shrimp cocktails a try!

Market Stalls

Inside the market, I found to have even more exciting vendors than the artisan market. You’ll find colourful Tehuana fabrics, the same as Frida would have worn in her day. There are dozens of flower stands, filling that side of the marketplace with rich aromas. Giant bowls of freshly ground mole powder are on display, take a look at all the different kinds of mole there are. You can find perfume, candles and a plethora of seasonal party decorations which hang from the ceiling making it look like entering a huge party!

But the main reason for visiting this market is to try Tostadaa Coyoacan! At lunchtime, the lines can get pretty long, but it moves quickly and gives you time to scope out what you want to try. The shrimp ceviche tostadas with thick slices of avocado to cut the acidity are absolute perfection! If eating raw seafood is a little too adventurous for you, try their famous shredded chicken; simple, moist and flavourful! There are six different eating areas with bar-style seating, so even at the busiest time of day you can almost always find somewhere to saddle up.

Barbacoa is another traditional dish to try in the Coyacán market. If you’re visiting on a Saturdays and Sundays, find your war to El Borrego de Oro or ‘The Golden Sheep’ stand at the back of the market. The shreds of tender meat atop freshly made tortillas are absolute heaven.

 

 

 

 

 

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La Casa Azul, Frida Kahlo Museum

What most people come to Coyocan for is the Casa Azul, also known as the Frida Kahlo Museum. The Casa Azul was where Mexican artist Frida Kahlo grew up, became an artist, got married and even died. She lived there with her husband Diego Rivera and together the two of them transformed a simple home into an artists retreat. After her death, the artworks of Frida Kahlo became an international sensation, gaining notoriety more and more as time went on. A hidden genius being discovered after her death, like it so often goes. But Frida herself has become an icon and cultural phenomenon.

The museum is less of a simple art gallery and more like an inside look at her private world. Although there are a few paintings from both artists, the main focus of the Casa Azul is the couple’s Mexican folk art and being able to tour their home exactly as it was when they lived and worked inside it. Throughout the house you’ll see their collections of pre-Hispanic artefacts, photographs, memorabilia, personal items, and more. You feel a deep connection with these artists by literally walking in their footsteps, and this is an unmissable experience for anyone interested in art or Frida herself.

Leon Trotsky House Museum

If you’re interested in visiting more of the interiors of Mexico City’s famous residences, you should check out the Leon Trotsky House Museum. Trotsky was a Russian revolutionary, Marxist theorist, and Soviet politician who was expelled from Russia in 1929 fpr his radical beliefs. He sought exile all over the world, but it was Diego Rivera who asked the Mexican government to allow him to come to Mexico City to seek political asylum. Trotsky stayed with Diego and Frida until 1939 when his affair with Frida and disagreements with Diego became too inflamed.

After this, he moved into the house, which is now the Trotsky museum. Unfortunately, Trotsky wasn’t safe in Mexico City for long as he was assassinated in this very house. The house is today left in much the same condition as it was the day he died. In fact, the room where he was murdered still has the books he was reading and papers he was writing strewn about untouched. Walking up to it, it looks like a fortress, complete with tall watchtower where there were once armed guards. You can still see the bullet holes from his assassination attack on the outer walls of the house. Even if you don’t know much about Trotsky, it’s an interesting way to see what life in Mexico City looked like in the 1930s.

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Cafe El Jarocho

For a little pick me up, head over to Cafe El Jarocho. This place has been serving customers in Coyoacán for 63 years and is a veritable piece of history. It’s an unpretentious coffee shop and a great alternative to just another Starbucks. Give their mocha a try since it’s well-known for being made with traditional Mexican chocolate and some of their locally grown beans.

Le Bipo

If coffee won’t suffice and you’re looking for something a little more intense, head across to Le Bipo, across from Allende Park. This hip bar is a stylish place for an afternoon drink and some great people watching. For something really unique, try the Mauricio Garcés, a mezcal and with frozen pineapple soda, topped with chili powder.

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Churreria General de la Republica

On your way back towards the western part of down, you’ll pass back from through the Jardin Centenario once more. Across from the park is the Churreria General de la Republica which sells some fantastic churros, served up with a variety of dipping sauces. I love a churro but I think I love dipping them even more! If you’re hankering for a snack, this is a great place to stop for a quick break and take a seat in the park.

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La Casa Del Coleccionista

Right around the corner from the churros bakery is La Casa Del Coleccionista. This little shop sells antiques of all kinds. You can find everything from flatware, toys, paintings, vases, coins and more! Even if you don’t leave with anything, this place is like visiting a museum of Coyoacán’s ephemera.

Avenida Francisco Sosa

Heading over to our next destination, we set out along the Avenida Francisco Sosa. This is my favourite street in the entire city. The street is over 450 years old and connected Coyacán with the village of San Ángel. There are over 60 different buildings along the road which have been honoured by National Institute of Anthropology and History as being historical monuments.

Casa De Diego De Ordaz

One of the most famous buildings to see is Casa De Diego De Ordaz. It was built in the 18th century, and the facade is decorated in this fantastic Mudejar style which was popular at the time. The most remarkable features of the building are the reliefs made by indigenous people of Coyoacán.

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Italian Cultural Institute

Further down the road, you’ll pass the Instituto Italiano de Cultura or Italian Cultural Institute. This building is most recognizable by its red façade with bright white Moorish decorations. It was built between the 17th and 18th centuries and now houses the cultural offices of the Italian Embassy.

Parque Santa Catarina

For a quiet break, stop off in the Parque Santa Catarina. The marigold colour you can spot from afar which dominates this lovely parkette is from the adorable facade of the church of Santa Catarina. This chapel was built for use by the indigenous population in the very early colonial period. If you have the chance to step inside, you’ll find preserved 16th-century ornamental work. You’ll also we able to look on in wonder at s 400-year-old mural. The square around the church is the site of many a celebration, and there is usually remnant of those events still holding onto the sunlight the next morning. A great photo opportunity.

Casa de Cultura Jesús Reyes Heroles

Across from the park is the Casa de Cultura Jesús Reyes Heroles. This cultural centre is free to enter and a beautiful place to rest your feet or just explore. The “House of Culture” was named in honour of the distinguished historian and political scientist, Jesús Reyes Heroles. The building was originally located on the property of an Izotitlán, meaning “izotes” which is a type of wild palm. Those palm trees still grow like wild all over the property.

In this public centre, you’ll see people writing essays under the trees, practising dance, learning music, having heated morning meetings! There is even a little cafe and restaurant if you want to stay and enjoy the space a bit longer. You are free to roam around both inside and out. I loved wandering up and down the different floors of the old house trying to see what I could discover. I found their old kitchen, bathroom and some gorgeous tile work from the 19th century.

Frida and Diego Statue

In the middle of the ground is a sculpture of Frida and Diego sitting on a park bench, cast in bronze. You can take a seat alongside and get your picture taken with the famous couple. Behind the walls of the garden, to the south, see if you can see the rooftop of La Callejón del Aguacate. This house is one of the most haunted in the Coyoacan. It is said to be haunted by the ghost of a woman and is a frequent place where local school children will be seen ghost hunting after hours.

Barricas Don Tiburcio

Continuing along Avenue Francisco Sosa, stop in at one of the most adorable groceries stores, Barricas Don Tiburcio. This boutique shop sells the finest wines from all around Mexico, if you’re a big wine fan, they are very well versed in the different varieties and can send you home with a real winner. They also sell delicious handcrafted Mexican products such as Oaxaca cheese, grasshoppers, prickly pear candies, peanut jams, queso chihuahua and more!

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Fonoteca Nacional

Towards the end of Avenue Francisco Sosa you’ll come upon the colourful Fonoteca Nacional, also known as the “House of Sounds of Mexico“. This beautiful building and the tranquil gardens which surround it, is the perfect place to come and wander to see if anything is going on. There is often free concerts or exhibitions happening in the various rooms, so it’s worth poking your head inside to see what’s going on.

Viveros de Coyoacán

Head north along Calle Salvador Novo towards Avenue Progreso where you’ll head east until you reach the entrance to Viveros de Coyoacán National Park. This 100-year-old park is run by the Secretary of Environment and Natural Resources. The main objective of the park is to grow and then replant different varieties of trees to reforest the entire metropolitan area of Mexico City. Different species of trees are dedicated to specific sectors of the city and walking through here you can learn all about the diverse flora and fauna Mexico is famous for.

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Centenario 107

After a long walk through the park, it’s time for dinner. Stop off at Centenario 107 for a laid back, colourful dinner. Colourful both in the atmosphere, decor as well as the food! There is an excellent selection of traditional delicacies as well as local craft beers and speciality mezcals.

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Cineteca Nacional

Our last stop on tour, as the sun begins to set is at the Cineteca Nacional or The National Film Archives. This 30 screen movie theatre is housed inside one of the most impressive modern pieces of architecture Mexican architect Michel Rojkind in Coyoacán. Cineteca Nacional often features a variety of different kinds of film programming from National and International projects. It also houses a cafe and a variety of hip restaurants and bars. At night time during the warmer months, there is even an area outside where you can see movies under the stars!

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The post Best Walking Tour of Historic Coyoacán, Mexico City first appeared on The Creative Adventurer.