One of the first places I tell any visitor to Dresden to visit upon arriving into the city is the amazing Schloßplatz or Scholssplatz. The Schloßplatz, or Palace Square, is the main square in the old town district. Dresden’s Schlossplatz is a captivating blend of history, art, and architecture that will transport you back in time. As you step into this historic square, you’re immediately surrounded by stunning landmarks that tell the story of Dresden’s royal past and its incredible restoration journey. From the grandeur of the Residenzschloss to the intricate details of the Fürstenzug, Schlossplatz offers a rich tapestry that details the history of Dresden itself. So come with us as we explore what makes this square so special!
Like much of Dresden’s historic center, the Schlossplatz, or Palace Square, and its surrounding 15th-century buildings suffered devastating damage during the Allied bombings in World War II. The once-majestic structures, steeped in centuries of history, were reduced to rubble, leaving a stark reminder of the war’s destructive power.
However, Dresden’s post-war reconstruction efforts are nothing short of miraculous. In a city-wide commitment to preserving its rich cultural heritage, Dresden undertook some of the most ambitious and detailed restoration projects in history. Guided by archival photographs, old plans, and detailed records, the restoration teams worked tirelessly to rebuild Schlossplatz and its neighbouring buildings exactly as they stood before the war.
Each stone was meticulously chosen, and original materials were reused where possible. Skilled craftsmen replicated intricate carvings, ornate facades, and delicate architectural details, ensuring the reconstructed buildings were as authentic as possible. The result is a seamless blend of old and new, where the scars of the past are respectfully integrated into a vibrant and fully restored urban landscape.
Today, visitors to Schlossplatz can hardly distinguish between the original and restored elements, a testament to the city’s dedication to honouring its history. The square and its surrounding structures now stand as symbols of resilience and the enduring spirit of Dresden, reminding us of the city’s ability to rise from the ashes and reclaim its place as a cultural and historical beacon.
Perhaps the most important structure in the Scholssplatz is the Katholische Hofkirche or Cathedral of the Holy Trinity. When the Katholische Hofkirche was first built, it was the epicentre of Catholicism in Dresden. Augustus III commissioned the church after his father had built a historical Protestant church on the other side of the old town. However, as a Catholic, Augustus III wanted a place for his Catholic subjects to come and practice their new chosen religions.
The original church was built in 1738 and completed in 1755. Its design was entrusted to the Italian architect Gaetano Chiaveri, who crafted a majestic and intricately detailed building, embodying the Baroque style’s grandeur.
The church’s exterior is adorned with 78 statues of saints, apostles, and church fathers, which stand on the balustrades that line the roof, giving the cathedral a distinctive and ornate appearance. The tower of the Hofkirche, reaching a height of 86 meters (282 feet), is a prominent feature of Dresden’s skyline, visible from various points across the city. Its towering spire and richly decorated facade make it a striking contrast to Dresden’s more subdued Lutheran churches.
The Hofkirche was heavily damaged during the Allied bombing of Dresden in 1945, but like much of the city, it was painstakingly restored to its former glory. Today, the cathedral stands as a symbol of resilience and faith, serving as an active place of worship while attracting visitors from around the world who come to admire its beauty and historical significance. Although most of the church is a restoration, you can still make out some of the original architecture. Look for the dark-coloured sandstone, which was discoloured from oxidization, denoting its age.
Be sure to take a peak inside the Hofkirche, as its interior never ceases to impress with its grand scale and artistic detail. The spacious interior has high vaulted ceilings, richly adorned altars, and stunning frescoes. One of the key highlights is the large pipe organ, originally designed by the famous organ builder Gottfried Silbermann. The organ has been carefully restored and used for concerts and services, adding to the cathedral’s vibrant cultural life.
Beneath the cathedral lies the crypt of the Wettin family, where 49 members of the Saxon royal family, including Augustus the Strong, are interred. This adds a layer of historical significance to the cathedral, making it a place of worship and a site of deep historical importance.
The church was built in the high Baroque style. Baroque architecture often emphasizes the contrast between light and dark to create dramatic visual effects. Inside the Hofkirche, this is achieved through the strategic placement of windows and the use of natural light to highlight the ornate decorations, creating a spiritual and theatrical atmosphere. The church is richly decorated with stucco work, gilding, and detailed carvings. The altars, in particular, are adorned with intricate sculptures and gold accents typical of the Baroque style. The emphasis on ornamentation is designed to overwhelm the senses, drawing the viewer’s attention to the spiritual themes depicted.
The Balthasar Permoser altar in the Katholische Hofkirche is a stunning example of Baroque craftsmanship, characterized by its elaborate design and dramatic expression. The centrepiece is a powerful crucifixion scene, surrounded by dynamic statues of saints and angels, all rendered with exquisite detail. Richly ornamented with gilded elements, the altar draws the eye upward, creating a sense of movement and spiritual elevation, embodying the grandeur and emotional intensity typical of Permoser’s work.
When you exit the church and walk back into the square, be sure to look closely at the stones on the ground; just near the steps into the cathedral, you’ll find a special stone with the letter ‘N’ engraved into it. This unassuming stone is called ‘Napoleon Stone and marks where Napoleon Bonaparte is believed to have stood while observing his troops before the Battle of Dresden in August 1813.
During this period, Dresden was a crucial strategic location for Napoleon as he sought to defend his empire from the advancing coalition forces. The Battle of Dresden, which took place from August 26 to 27, 1813, was one of the last major victories for Napoleon before his eventual defeat. The stone serves as a tangible reminder of the city’s role in these pivotal historical events.
Walking about to the corner of the square, look towards the south, opposite the river, where you can see the old city’s gates, called the Georgentor. The Georgentor or Georgenbau is my favourite building on the square. Originally built in the 16th century, it was the main gate into the city and served as the ceremonial entrance to the Dresden Castle. It was also the first building in Dresden, built in the fantastical Renaissance and Neo-renaissance style, featuring rich ornamentation and intricate reliefs that celebrate the power and heritage of the Saxon rulers.
The building’s facade is also richly adorned with depictions of religious themes. At the entrance, figures representing life and death stand as sentinels, while above them, the ominous inscription “Per invidia Diaboli Mors Intravit In Orbs” (Through the devil’s envy, death entered into the world) is meticulously carved into the stone.
Stretching out to the east and west, connected to the Georgentor, you can make out some of the outer walls of the Residenzschloss or Dresden Royal Palace. This impressive palace, originally constructed in the 16th century, has served as the residence of the Electors and Kings of Saxony. The portion from Schlossplatz showcases a stunning blend of Renaissance, Baroque, and Neo-Renaissance architectural styles, reflecting the various phases of the palace’s development and restoration.
One of the most striking features visible from Schlossplatz is the Hausmannsturm (Hausmann Tower). With its distinctive copper roof, this tall, commanding tower rises above the palace, offering an iconic silhouette against the Dresden skyline. The tower is crowned with a large, gilded weather vane and serves as a reminder of the palace’s royal heritage. Visitors can even climb the tower for panoramic views of the city.
The Residenzschloss also houses several world-renowned museums, including the Green Vault (Grünes Gewölbe), which contains a treasure trove of artifacts and artwork, and the Turkish Chamber (Türckische Cammer), known for its collection of Ottoman art.
The more modern Ständehaus, or Saxon Supreme Court, is on the east side of the square, built between 1901 and 1907. This building serves as the meeting place for the Saxon parliament, known as the Landtag, or the “House of Estates.” It’s a beautiful example of Historicist architecture, blending elements of the Neo-Renaissance style with Baroque influences.
Sitting outside the Ständehaus is the great statue of Friedrich August I of Saxony. The statue was erected in 1843 to honour the reign of Friedrich August I. The statue, created by the sculptor Ernst Rietschel, depicts Friedrich August I in a regal and contemplative pose, dressed in classical robes, symbolizing justice and wisdom, holding a sceptre in one hand, representing his authority and leadership. His calm demeanour in the statue reflects his reputation as a fair and just ruler, which earned him the title “the Just.”
Friedrich August I played a crucial role in modernizing Saxony. His reign was marked by significant legal reforms, including introducing the Saxon Civil Code, one of the most progressive legal systems of its time. He also invested in the development of infrastructure, including roads and bridges, which contributed to the region’s economic growth.
Just around the corner from the Ständehaus, you’ll immediately notice the massive mural stretches along the walls. This installation is called the ‘Fürstenzug,’ or the Procession of Princes. This work of art is a remarkable 102-meter-long, with tiles depicting a parade of 35 Wettin Dynasty rulers and other notable figures. Created in the late 19th century and later replaced with Meissen porcelain tiles, it is the largest porcelain artwork in the world, with 23,00 Meissen tiles! The mural celebrates Saxony’s royal heritage and cultural achievements, surviving the bombings of World War II largely intact.
To finish this little guided walk through Dresden’s Scholssplatz, head over to the Augustus Bridge. The Augustus Bridge is a historic and iconic structure linking the Altstadt (Old Town) with the Neustadt (New Town) across the Elbe River. Although the current sandstone bridge was built between 1907 and 1910, it stands on the site of a series of bridges that have spanned the river since the 12th century.
Designed with nine arches to allow for better river traffic, the bridge blends functionality and classical beauty, seamlessly integrating with Dresden’s historic architecture. Standing on this bridge, watching the many boats pass by, and the sound of the horse-drawn carriages rush by is one of those quintessential Dresden experiences.
Exploring Dresden’s Schlossplatz is like stepping into a living museum, where every corner reveals a new chapter of the city’s rich history. As you walk through this historic square, you’re not just visiting buildings—you’re experiencing the essence of Dresden, a city that has gracefully blended its storied past with its vibrant present. Make this spot a must-see on your next visit to this city, which is replete with history!
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