London is chock-a-block with so-called “must-see attractions.” Aside from perhaps New York City, London feels like it has more things to do per square foot than anywhere else in the world. But with so much to see and do, I always advise people to think carefully about what they are genuinely interested in doing. Don’t get overwhelmed by the hype. No one should feel like they haven’t seen the “real London” just because they see a particular attraction. A part of visiting a new city is just exploring it. And if you try to hop from sight to sight, you’ll miss the real London hidden between and behind these attractions.
That said, I want to give you a loose idea of what’s worth your precious time and money. So here is my list of the most essential sights in London. Not just the most popular but the places that really help tell the city’s life story. I love this list because it combines so many free attractions making it super budget friendly. It is an amalgamation of historical sights, key places that changed the face of London, foodie finds and beautiful galleries. Take a good read through this post and try to pick and choose two or three attractions that really call out to you. And your particular sensibilities. This is definitely a highlights tour and features the most popular attractions. If you’re looking for something more unique, check out our Hidden Gems London Guide.
Remember: don’t try to see it all. Leave some room for your own unique discoveries! With this guide, you’ll be sure to make the most of your trip to this fantastic city! If it’s your first time in London and you want more tips on visiting, check out our London 101 Guide.
The Tower of London
Perhaps the most historic of all the landmarks in London is the great Tower of London. This castle has stood here for centuries; it has seen the crownings and passings of England’s Kings and Queens. It held prisoners and traitors, including Anne Boleyn, Sir Walter Raleigh, and Guy Fawkes. All the while silently watching, unchanged, as the rest of the city grew and transformed around it.
The fortress dates all the way back to the 11th century. The first structure was the White Tower, built for William the Conqueror in 1078. As the monarchy and power of England grew, so did the fortress. Today tourists can enter through its once impenetrable gates to explore the interior and various buildings. Inside you will see a showcase of England’s rich history, explore the prisoner’s cells, see the precious Crown Jewels, and sit in the Kings and Queen’s private bed chambers. My favourite part is the intimate Chapel of St. Peter ad Vincula. This precious church is the burial site of many important figures, including Anne Boleyn, Catherine Howard, and Sir Thomas More.
Beef Eater Guides
But to me, taking one of the Beef Eater guided tours is what makes a visit to the Tower of London really worthwhile. These are included in your price of admission and are one of the best ways to feel like the history all around you is suddenly coming alive. Beefeaters, officially known as the Yeomen Warders, are ceremonial guards at the Tower of London. They are an iconic symbol of the city because of their distinctive red and gold uniforms. They were originally installed in the 14th century as guards for the prisoners of the Tower.
But today, their role is as ambassadors for the Tower of London. They take visitors around the most important parts of the building. And use their incredible storytelling abilities to take you on a journey back in time. Even after your tour, they are always around the answer all your questions. They are an endless source of knowledge and are truly an under-utilized resource for visitors. So don’t be afraid to talk to them and learn some secrets you’d otherwise never have the chance to hear.
Big Ben and the Houses of Parliament
There is no doubt that when you picture London, the first image that comes to mind is the great golden bell tower called Big Ben! And the adjoining Houses of Parliament stand on the edge of the Thames River. These buildings have greeted visitors to the city since the 11th century. And today still serves as the heart of British democracy. Here, bills and laws are debated, and the people’s will is brought to light.
Big Ben
While the Palace of Westminster dates back hundreds of years, Big Ben was only added in the 19th century. During the restoration of the entire complex after a devastating fire, the new architect wanted to create a focal point for the building. The Tower was completed in 1859, and it got its nickname “Big Ben” from Sir Benjamin Hall. Hall was the commissioner of works during the building’s construction and was well known for his loud booming voice. Although everyone still calls it Big Ben, the Bell Tower is officially named the Elizabeth Tower. In honour of the late Queen Elizabeth II.
Exploring the Houses of Parliament
Although visitors can take guided tours of the Houses of Parliament to learn about its history and see debates in action, I prefer to enjoy its beauty from the exterior for free. Start from the opposite side of the river to take in the impressive size and stature of the whole building along the banks of the Thames. Then, walk across Westminster Bridge. And watch as the building grows and grows in size and detail as you approach. Finish up by wandering through the Victoria Tower Gardens to the south. Here, you can have a unique view of the buildings that not many people get the chance to see.
The National Portrait Gallery
While many people might put the British Museum at the top of their list, for me, it’s all about the National Galleries. While the British Museum has the word “British” in its name, it is filled with objects they’ve “acquired” from around the world. Many of which have an intensely contested ownership.
When you come all the way to Britain, it seems only fitting to look at some works of art that portray the country’s history and English artists. And you can find all that inside the National Portrait Gallery. Their collection features hundreds of portraits of famous Britain throughout history. In the curves of a person’s face, you can learn more about the person who shaped British history and culture over the centuries. There are monarchs, politicians, writers, and musicians. As well as self-portraits from artists who captured these historical figures’ most intimate details and expressions. Etched in oil and veneer for eternity.
National Portrait Gallery Collection
Long before there were newspapers, let alone Instagram and Twitter, these portraits were the only physical interpretation of many iconic people like William Shakespeare, Queen Elizabeth I, Henry VIII, and even Sir Isaac Newton. The newer portraits of notable royals and icons provide a different perspective into the lives of these people we feel we know so well through the media. The artists who paint them capture a moment in time and a slice of their essence that is sometimes hard to capture in photographs. It’s a fabulous collection and worth taking the time to explore for yourself.
Joyofmuseums, CC BY-SA 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0, via Wikimedia Commons | Joyofmuseums, CC BY-SA 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0, via Wikimedia Commons | Marco d’Oggiono, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons
Westminster Abbey
One of the most powerful buildings in the city is Westminster Abbey. While we might view the Houses of Parliament, right next door, as the current powerhouse of the city, in ages past, the power lay in the hands of the church. Just walking past, I always feel like you can sense the dense and storied histories that have taken place inside. This building has been a place of worship for over 1,000 years and is the most important religious and cultural landmark in the United Kingdom.
As such, the abbey has been the site of many royal coronations, weddings, and funerals. Queen Elizabeth II had her coronation and was married here in the abbey. After her death, as a full circle moment, it was also here where her final funerary ceremony took place. And it will be here inside Westminster Abbey, where King Charles will be crowned monarch in 2023. There have been so many televised moments in history that have taken place here. Exploring the building for yourself feels like being a part of that history.
Architecture and Icons
Inside you’ll be able to admire the amazing Gothic architecture. The ornate stained-glass windows, intricate stone carvings, and a soaring nave create an awe-inspiring sense of space. In the multitude of little side chapels, you can find the resting places of various prominent figures in British history. Including monarchs, statesmen, writers, and scientists.
Visiting the Church
Although Westminster Abbey requires a hefty admission fee to enter, I find that if you’re interested in history and architecture, this place is a worthwhile way to spend your time and money. If you really have your heart on seeing the interior, but the fees don’t fit into your budget, consider attending a church service.
Services are free and welcome to all. You won’t be able to explore or take pictures, but you will get a unique experience inside. During the church service, you have the unique opportunity to listen to the incredible church choir. It’s amazing how their voices fill the space with an ethereal sound. Sit and take in the views all around you. And as you leave, you’ll get the chance to look around at least a little bit. It’s a great alternative to explore the interiors for yourself, at least in some minor way.
Borough Market
Across the river, in Southwark, is where you can find one of London’s most vibrant communities. Since the 13th century, traders and shoppers have been making the journey across London Bridge to shop inside the walls of one of the most popular foodie destinations; Borough Market. The market offers visitors a friendly and bustling atmosphere where you can buy fresh produce, artisanal cheeses, meats, seafood and baked goods. In addition to the fresh food, dozens of street food stalls sell everything from British classics to international fare. The market is open every day but Monday, although some traders only open their stalls on the weekends.
As such a big attraction, the market does garner large crowds. But instead of being put off, just lean into the action and try to join in on the energetic ambiance inside! Borough Market is committed to sustainability and ethical food practices, with many of its vendors using only locally-sourced and organic ingredients. As well as incorporating environmentally-friendly packaging and techniques into their best practices. This kind of commitment to ethical consumption is unique to this market and makes you feel good about the food you’re putting into your body and the vendors you get to support! Check out our guided tour for a complete guide to exploring the market!
Monument of Great Fire of London
One of the events that changed the entire history of London, and even perhaps the British Empire, was the Great Fire of 1666. On September 2nd, 1666, a small kitchen fire broke out in a bakery on Pudding Lane in the early morning hours. All the odds seemed to be against London when the fire broke out. No one was there that morning to extinguish the tiny sparks that started the blaze. As the fire spread, it fed on the flammable thatch on the roofs and wooden walls that lined every building in London.
Winds were especially strong that morning, and the fire began to get out of control in mere minutes. The fire raged for four days, and over that time, it destroyed over 400 acres of London. Burning down over 13,00 homes and leaving over 100,000 people homeless. Many of the city’s most famous landmarks, including the old medieval St. Paul’s Cathedral, were destroyed in the blaze.
The Great Fire of London
But most importantly, the city’s commercial and financial centres were destroyed. Including many of the warehouses, banks, and trading houses that were essential to its economy. Businesses closed, and unemployment was widespread. But in juxtaposition, the great fire also destroyed many of the unsanitary slums and overcrowded neighbourhoods. Many of which had contributed to the spread of the plague. After the fire, building regulations were passed to ensure all new buildings were made of more fireproof brick and stone materials.
Monument to the Great Fire
To memorialize this fire, a great monument was commissioned. The Monument to the Great Fire of London is a stone column, 202 feet tall. It was built at this exact height, as from this spot, if you laid the column on its side, it is 202 feet to the point where the great fire of London started. While the Monument looks very narrow, it actually contains a narrow spiral staircase. Inside, visitors can climb to a viewing platform at the top. From the platform, you can enjoy panoramic views of the city.
The column is decorated with various carvings and inscriptions that describe the history of the Great Fire and the construction of the Monument itself. The Monument offers visitors a unique perspective on the city and its history. It is a reminder of the devastating fire that shaped London’s development for centuries to come.
V&A Museum
My favourite museum in the entire city has got to be the Victoria and Albert Museum, more commonly known as the V&A. Founded in 1852 by Queen Victoria and Prince Albert, the aim of the museum was to create a “schoolroom for everyone.” Britain was falling behind in the world of arts and culture at the time. Queen Victoria felt that creating this hub of artistic ingenuity it would help inspire the future of British arts and sciences.
Today, the V&A’s collection spans over 5,000 years of human creativity. No matter your interest, you can find something for yourself in these walls. Everything from fine art to fashion, furniture, ceramics, sculpture, textiles, and more has a home here at the V&A. Entrance the museum is free, so you can pop in and out as you like without having to commit to spending the entire day here because you paid so much for admission. Although, you can easily spend a whole week within the ever-expansive galleries.
V&A Collection Highlights
Highlights from the 2023 collection include an exhibition featuring the glittering world of musical theatre! The museum pulled items from its fashion collection to explore the world of craftmanship of iconic musicals, from My Fair Lady, Miss Saigon and Wicked! The Cast Courts are one of the most awe-inspiring parts of the museum. These galleries are a collection of casts of the world’s most famous sculptures, including Michelangelo’s David and Trajan’s Column. It feels like travelling around the world in just one part of the building! Lastly, if you love sparkling things, head to the Jewellery collection. Here you’ll find one of the world’s most renowned jewellery collections that span over 3,000 years. Over 6,000 pieces, from ancient Egyptian amulets to contemporary designer jewellery, record the world’s history in fashion accessories!
Columbia Road Flower Market
For a slice of East London, one of the most vibrant parts of the city, head over to the Columbia Road Flower Market. The best-smelling market in the town. The history of the Columbia Road Flower Market dates back to the mid-19th century. For over 100 years, this market has drawn in locals and tourists alike looking to buy fresh flowers or just explore the beautiful local flora for sale. The market is open every Sunday from 8 am to 2 pm. If you want to see the full extent of the vendor’s wares before they sell out, get there early in the morning.
Seasons of the Market
Different traders line the entire Columbia Road from Gosset Street to Barnet Grove. Some of these growers have been selling here for generations, representing an important part of the community. From Spring to Winter, there is always a selection of seasonal flowers on sale. I love how the flower selection changes throughout the year.
In the springtime, the rainbow of tulips excites everyone for the warm weather that begins to arrive. In the summer, the smell of freshly cut roses welcomes you into the market. When fall comes, giant sunflowers combat the incoming cold weather with their sunny disposition. In the winter, the market is awash with Christmas cheer. Christmas trees are for sale on every corner. And holly, dried berries and bright green ivy are ready to deck the halls!
In addition to the vendors, you can also explore the areas around the market. Little alleys that branch off in different directions sell everything from iced coffees (or mulled wine in the winter) to vintage clothing and handicrafts from the local artisans.
Shakespeare’s Globe Theatre
For anyone interested in theatre, history or even architecture, a visit to Shakespeare’s Globe Theatre is such an immensely powerful experience. The Globe Theatre that stands on the banks of the Thames was where William Shakespeare’s productions took place back when it was first built in 1599. Sadly, the original building burnt down in 1613 during a performance of Henry VIII. Although it was rebuilt once more in 1642, this incarnation would only last another 20 years. When it was pulled down to make room for tenement apartments. Losing this piece of Shakespearean history potentially forever…
Rebuilding the Globe
But in 1994, a modern reconstruction of the theatre began to be built. Thanks to the efforts of actor and director Sam Wanamaker. Wanamaker had a vision to rebuild the theatre. But it would be done using historical records of the original building, using only materials and techniques available during the 16th century.
Although this would take years and years compared to simply redoing it in a modern way, they wanted the building to feel as authentic to the original version that Shakespeare himself stood inside. It was completed in 1997 and opened to the public as both museum and a functional theatre. The only modern interferences were to do with fireproofing to ensure this building didn’t suffer the same fate as the first. The theatre is designed to resemble an original Elizabethan theatre, with open-air seating and a thatched roof. Giving visitors a glimpse into what theatre-going would have been like in Shakespeare’s time.
Tickets for Plays at the Globe
Every year a different series of Shakespeare’s plays are held inside, allowing visitors to watch these performances in the same space they were first performed. You can opt for a seat in one of the upper levels or buy a ticket for “the yard,” where they still offer standing-room tickets.
While standing the entire show can be taxing, it’s an experience unlike any other. Tickets in the yard cost as little as £5 – £10. But for those who prefer to get seated tickets in the gallery, this costs anywhere from £25 – £65.
Hyde Park
A peaceful walk in Hyde Park is a relaxing activity almost all year round. Hyde Park is one of London’s largest parks, covering an area of 350 acres! The park has been host to the city’s social and political history for centuries. It has been the site of numerous protests, demonstrations, and events. Including the famous Great Exhibition of 1851, which was held in the park’s Crystal Palace. You could spend an entire day wandering the park, exploring all its hidden corners and most impressive sights. But if you’re just looking for the highlights read on!
Sights in Hyde Park
Speakers’ corner on the east side of the park is where people have for hundreds of years congregated to practice their right to free (and loud) speech. Towards the southeast corner of the park is the great Serpentine Lake. The Serpentine Lake is a stunning place to sit and enjoy a picnic, stroll along the lakeside, or rent a paddleboat, to take in all the tranquil scenery. At the park’s south end, you’ll find the gleaming golden Albert Memorial. The Albert Memorial depicts the image of Prince Albert, dedicated by his adoring wife, Queen Victoria.
My favourite part of Hyde Park is the Italian Gardens located in the northwest corner. The beautiful and serene oasis is decorated with intricate fountains, sculptures, and ornate flower beds designed in the 1860s. Although Italian gardens might seem an odd choice for an English park, the gardens and surrounding buildings were inspired by those found in Osborne House, Queen Victoria’s stately home on the Isle of Wight.
The Peter Pan Statue is the most memorable statue of all those in the park. The Peter Pan Statue is located in the northern corner of Hyde Park. It features a bronze statue of Peter Pan surrounded by characters from the novel of the same name. But the best part of exploring the park is simply soaking in the atmosphere. And watching locals out and about with their families, pets and loved ones. Plus, it’s completely free to explore. Perfect when looking for some downtime on a busy trip to London.
Tower Bridge
Another one of the most iconic landmarks of the city of London is the enormous, ornate bridge that crosses the River Thames, Tower Bridge. While many people might think they have to book a tour, ranging from £12 – £26, I believe that to best experience the beauty and architectural majesty of Tower Bridge, you simply have to walk across it. A completely free experience.
The best place to get a gorgeous bridge view is from the Horsleydown steps. These can be found on the south side of the bridge. A small set of steps leads you into a hidden passageway off Shad Thames Street. You are then led down onto a small beach where you can sit on the stairs and get this fantastic close-up riverside view of Tower Bridge. Set against the backdrop of skyscrapers behind it.
Architecture
Tower Bridge was built between 1886 and 1894. The bridge is an exemplary model of the Victorian Gothic style within its twin towers. Before its construction, there was no other way for people to get across the river at this point. And with the city’s continuous expansion east, the need for a pedestrian and horse-drawn vehicle crossing became dire. While a fixed bridge would have been a quick solution, this was not an option along the busy Thames River. Sailing ships frequented the nearby ports and couldn’t pass under a fixed bridge. The ingenious new design consisted of two towers connected by a suspension bridge. And a central section that could be raised to allow tall ships to pass through.
Greenwich
Some travel guides might tell you that you have to spend one day of your trip to London making a day trip to another city. And sure, if you had lots of time, that is an excellent side-trip, but for those travellers coming to London for only a week, a day trip is a massive chunk of time you might rather spend in the city. If you want to feel like you’ve gotten away from the big city but, in reality, are just a tube ride away, I always recommend first-time visitors make a trip out to Greenwich.
Greenwich is a picturesque borough located along the Thames River. About 30 minutes from central London on the Tube. Or you can take a riverboat along the water to Greenwich, which takes just under an hour. This is always my suggestion as you get to experience the riverside sights of London and learn a little bit about the history of the waterways.
Attractions in Greenwich
The city of Greenwich, while small, is packed with rich history, stunning architecture, and unique attractions. Stepping off the riverboat, you are face to face with the great Cutty Sark, one of the last remaining tea clippers in the world. This boat is permanently docked in Greenwich and open for tours. One of the most iconic landmarks in Greenwich is the Royal Observatory, where visitors can stand on the Prime Meridian line and have one foot in the eastern hemisphere and the other in the Western Hemisphere.
My favourite building is the Painted Hall in the Old Royal Naval College. Sir Christopher Wren, the same architect who built the famed St. Paul’s Cathedral, designed this magnificent building. It is often called the “Sistine Chapel of the UK.” The hall features a breathtaking painted ceiling depicting scenes from British naval history and mythology.
If you get peckish, you head straight to the Greenwich Market. Here you’ll find a dazzling array of market stalls selling various goods, including handmade crafts, vintage clothing, antiques, and jewelry. But the best thing to come here for is the food! Visitors can also sample delicious food from around the world at the many food stalls and cafes in the market, with options ranging from traditional British dishes to exotic street food. The market is lively on weekends, with live music and street performers adding to the festive atmosphere. But the best part of a day trip down to Greenwich is simply to wander its charming town center, with quaint boutique shops, adorable cafes, and picturesque streets.
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London is truly a city that offers something for everyone. Whether you are interested in history, art, or cuisine, you are sure to find countless attractions and experiences to enjoy. If you’ve exhausted this list, be sure to check out our Hidden Gems London Guide for more secrets concealed in plain sight that are sure to make your trip all the more exciting! Feel free to drop me a comment if you have any questions about your next visit to London!
Happy Travels, Adventurers
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